Repair of strand breaks by homologous recombination.
Maria Jasin,Rodney Rothstein +1 more
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TLDR
The enzymology of the process is discussed, followed by studies on DSB repair in living cells, and a historical context for the current view of HR is provided and how DSBs are processed during HR as well as interactions with other D SB repair pathways are described.Abstract:
In this review, we discuss the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) using a homologous DNA sequence (i.e., homologous recombination [HR]), focusing mainly on yeast and mammals. We provide a historical context for the current view of HR and describe how DSBs are processed during HR as well as interactions with other DSB repair pathways. We discuss the enzymology of the process, followed by studies on DSB repair in living cells. Whenever possible, we cite both original articles and reviews to aid the reader for further studies.read more
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Targeting DNA repair: the genome as a potential biomarker.
Ksenija Nesic,Ksenija Nesic,Matthew Wakefield,Matthew Wakefield,Olga Kondrashova,Olga Kondrashova,Clare L. Scott,Iain A. McNeish +7 more
TL;DR: This review uses ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) as an example of a disease of extreme genomic complexity that is marked by widespread copy number alterations, but that lacks powerful driver oncogene mutations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinesin Kif2C in regulation of DNA double strand break dynamics and repair
Songli Zhu,Mohammadjavad Paydar,Feifei Wang,Feifei Wang,Yanqiu Li,Ling Wang,Benoit Barrette,Tadayoshi Bessho,Benjamin H. Kwok,Aimin Peng +9 more
TL;DR: This study identified microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin Kif2C as a protein associated with DSB-mimicking DNA templates and known DSB repair proteins in Xenopus egg extracts and mammalian cells and presented a new mechanism that governs DSB dynamics and repair.
Journal ArticleDOI
EBV-encoded miRNAs target ATM-mediated response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Raymond Wm Lung,Pok Man Hau,Ken H-O Yu,Kevin Y. Yip,Joanna Hm Tong,Wing-Po Chak,Anthony Wh Chan,Ka-Hei Lam,Angela K. F. Lo,Edith K. Y. Tin,Shuk-Ling Chau,Jesse C-S Pang,Johnny S-H Kwan,Philippe Busson,Lawrence S. Young,Lee Fah Yap,Sai Wah Tsao,Ka Fai To,Kwok Wai Lo +18 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that EBV uses miRNA machinery as a key mechanism to control the ATM signaling pathway in NPC cells, and four viral miRNAs work co‐operatively to modulate ATM activity in response to DNA damage and to maintain viral latency, contributing to the tumorigenesis of NPC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppressing the NHEJ pathway by DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7026 prevents degradation of HBV cccDNA cleaved by CRISPR/Cas9.
Dmitry Kostyushev,Anastasiya Kostyusheva,Sergey Brezgin,Dmitry Zarifyan,Anastasiya Utkina,Irina A. Goptar,Vladimir Chulanov +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that CRISPR/Cas9 is a highly effective tool to degrade ccc DNA and first demonstrate that inhibiting NHEJ impairs cccDNA degradation.
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A high-throughput chemical screen with FDA approved drugs reveals that the antihypertensive drug Spironolactone impairs cancer cell survival by inhibiting homology directed repair
Or David Shahar,Alkmini Kalousi,Lital Eini,Benoit Fisher,Amélie Weiss,Jonatan Darr,Olga M. Mazina,Shay Bramson,Martin Kupiec,Amir Eden,Eran Meshorer,Alexander V. Mazin,Laurent Brino,Michal Goldberg,Evi Soutoglou +14 more
TL;DR: Spironolactone is suggested as a new candidate for chemotherapy because it impairs Rad51 foci formation, sensitizes cancer cells to DNA damaging agents, to Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and cross-linking agents and inhibits tumor growth in xenografts, in mice.
References
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Martin Jinek,Krzysztof Chylinski,Krzysztof Chylinski,Ines Fonfara,Michael H. Hauer,Jennifer A. Doudna,Emmanuelle Charpentier +6 more
TL;DR: This study reveals a family of endonucleases that use dual-RNAs for site-specific DNA cleavage and highlights the potential to exploit the system for RNA-programmable genome editing.
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Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems
Le Cong,Le Cong,F. Ann Ran,F. Ann Ran,David M. Cox,David M. Cox,Shuailiang Lin,Shuailiang Lin,Robert P. J. Barretto,Naomi Habib,Patrick D. Hsu,Patrick D. Hsu,Xuebing Wu,Wenyan Jiang,Luciano A. Marraffini,Feng Zhang +15 more
TL;DR: The type II prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas adaptive immune system has been shown to facilitate RNA-guided site-specific DNA cleavage as discussed by the authors.
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems
Le Cong,F. A. Ran,David Benjamin Turitz Cox,Shuailiang Lin,Robert P. J. Barretto,Naomi Habib,Patrick D. Hsu,Xuebing Wu,Wenyan Jiang,Luciano A. Marraffini,Feng Zhang +10 more
TL;DR: Two different type II CRISPR/Cas systems are engineered and it is demonstrated that Cas9 nucleases can be directed by short RNAs to induce precise cleavage at endogenous genomic loci in human and mouse cells, demonstrating easy programmability and wide applicability of the RNA-guided nuclease technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9
Prashant Mali,Luhan Yang,Kevin M. Esvelt,John Aach,Marc Güell,James E. DiCarlo,Julie E. Norville,George M. Church,George M. Church +8 more
TL;DR: The type II bacterial CRISPR system is engineer to function with custom guide RNA (gRNA) in human cells to establish an RNA-guided editing tool for facile, robust, and multiplexable human genome engineering.
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Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system
Woong Y. Hwang,Yanfang Fu,Deepak Reyon,Morgan L. Maeder,Shengdar Q. Tsai,Jeffry D. Sander,Randall T. Peterson,Randall T. Peterson,Jing-Ruey J. Yeh,J. Keith Joung +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the CRISPR-Cas system functions in vivo to induce targeted genetic modifications in zebrafish embryos with efficiencies similar to those obtained using zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases.