SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls.
Nina Le Bert,Anthony T. Tan,Kamini Kunasegaran,Christine Y.L. Tham,Morteza Hafezi,Adeline Chia,Melissa Hui Yen Chng,Meiyin Lin,Meiyin Lin,Nicole Tan,Martin Linster,Wan Ni Chia,Mark I-Cheng Chen,Lin-Fa Wang,Eng Eong Ooi,Shirin Kalimuddin,Paul A. Tambyah,Jenny G. Low,Jenny G. Low,Yee-Joo Tan,Yee-Joo Tan,Antonio Bertoletti,Antonio Bertoletti +22 more
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TLDR
Infection with betacoronaviruses induces multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity against the structural N protein, and SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells were found in individuals who had recovered from SARS or COVID-19 and in unexposed donors, although with different patterns of immunoreactivity.Abstract:
Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of, subsequent infections1. Little is known about the presence in humans of pre-existing memory T cells that have the potential to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we studied T cell responses against the structural (nucleocapsid (N) protein) and non-structural (NSP7 and NSP13 of ORF1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 36). In all of these individuals, we found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein. Next, we showed that patients (n = 23) who recovered from SARS (the disease associated with SARS-CoV infection) possess long-lasting memory T cells that are reactive to the N protein of SARS-CoV 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003; these T cells displayed robust cross-reactivity to the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also detected SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with individuals who had SARS and/or COVID-19 (n = 37). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, and frequently targeted NSP7 and NSP13 as well as the N protein. Epitope characterization of NSP7-specific T cells showed the recognition of protein fragments that are conserved among animal betacoronaviruses but have low homology to 'common cold' human-associated coronaviruses. Thus, infection with betacoronaviruses induces multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity against the structural N protein. Understanding how pre-existing N- and ORF1-specific T cells that are present in the general population affect the susceptibility to and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic.read more
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Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Jennifer M. Dan,Jennifer M. Dan,Jose Mateus,Yu Kato,Kathryn M. Hastie,Esther Dawen Yu,Caterina E. Faliti,Alba Grifoni,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sonya Haupt,April Frazier,Catherine Nakao,Vamseedhar Rayaprolu,Stephen A. Rawlings,Bjoern Peters,Bjoern Peters,Florian Krammer,Viviana Simon,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Davey M. Smith,Daniela Weiskopf,Alessandro Sette,Alessandro Sette,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty +26 more
TL;DR: This article analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months after infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19.
Takuya Sekine,André Perez-Potti,Olga Rivera-Ballesteros,Kristoffer Strålin,Jean Baptiste Gorin,Annika Olsson,Sian Llewellyn-Lacey,Habiba Kamal,Gordana Bogdanovic,Sandra Muschiol,David J. Wullimann,Tobias Kammann,Johanna Emgård,Tiphaine Parrot,Elin Folkesson,Olav Rooyackers,Lars Eriksson,Jan-Inge Henter,Anders Sönnerborg,Tobias Allander,Jan Albert,Morten Nielsen,Jonas Klingström,Sara Gredmark-Russ,Niklas K. Björkström,Johan K. Sandberg,David Price,Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren,Soo Aleman,Marcus Buggert +29 more
TL;DR: It is shown that SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust, broad and highly functional memory T cell responses, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity.
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran,Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran,Evan C. Lam,Kerri St. Denis,Adam Nitido,Zeidy H. Garcia,Blake M. Hauser,Jared Feldman,Maia N. Pavlovic,David Gregory,Mark C. Poznansky,Alex Sigal,Alex Sigal,Aaron G. Schmidt,A. John Iafrate,Vivek Naranbhai,Vivek Naranbhai,Alejandro B. Balazs +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the neutralization potency of 99 individuals that received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines against pseudoviruses representing 10 globally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
TL;DR: In this article, a picture has begun to emerge that reveals that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ Tcells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control SARS-CoV-2 in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Broad and strong memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19.
Yanchun Peng,Alexander J. Mentzer,G Liu,G Liu,X Yao,Z Yin,D Dong,D Dong,Wanwisa Dejnirattisai,T Rostron,P Supasa,C Liu,Cesar Lopez-Camacho,J Slon-Campos,Yuguang Zhao,David I. Stuart,Guido C. Paesen,Jonathan M. Grimes,Alfred A. Antson,Oliver W. Bayfield,Hawkins Dedp.,Ker D-S.,B Wang,Lance Turtle,Krishanthi Subramaniam,Paul Thomson,P Zhang,Christina Dold,Jeremy Ratcliff,Peter Simmonds,T I de Silva,Paul Sopp,Dannielle Wellington,U S Rajapaksa,Chen Y-L.,Mariolina Salio,Giorgio Napolitani,Wayne Paes,Persephone Borrow,Benedikt M. Kessler,J W Fry,N F Schwabe,Malcolm G Semple,Malcolm G Semple,J K Baillie,Shona C Moore,Openshaw Pjm.,M A Ansari,Susanna Dunachie,Eleanor Barnes,John Frater,G Kerr,Philip J. R. Goulder,T Lockett,R Levin,Y Zhang,Y Zhang,R Jing,Ho L-P.,Richard J. Cornall,Christopher P. Conlon,Paul Klenerman,Gavin R. Screaton,Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,Andrew J. McMichael,Julian C. Knight,Graham S. Ogg,Tao Dong +67 more
TL;DR: The identification of T cell responses associated with milder disease will support an understanding of protective immunity and highlights the potential of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.
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TL;DR: An in-depth annotation of the newly discovered coronavirus (2019-nCoV) genome has revealed differences between 2019-n coV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or SARS-like coronaviruses.
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