Journal ArticleDOI
Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiome Drive Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Autoimmunity
Janet Markle,Daniel N. Frank,Steven M. Mortin-Toth,Charles E. Robertson,Leah M. Feazel,Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk,Martin von Bergen,Kathy D. McCoy,Andrew J. Macpherson,Jayne S. Danska +9 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that early-life microbial exposures determine sex hormone levels and modify progression to autoimmunity in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and Colonization by commensal microbes elevated serum testosterone and protected NOD males from T1D.Abstract:
Microbial exposures and sex hormones exert potent effects on autoimmune diseases, many of which are more prevalent in women. We demonstrate that early-life microbial exposures determine sex hormone levels and modify progression to autoimmunity in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Colonization by commensal microbes elevated serum testosterone and protected NOD males from T1D. Transfer of gut microbiota from adult males to immature females altered the recipient's microbiota, resulting in elevated testosterone and metabolomic changes, reduced islet inflammation and autoantibody production, and robust T1D protection. These effects were dependent on androgen receptor activity. Thus, the commensal microbial community alters sex hormone levels and regulates autoimmune disease fate in individuals with high genetic risk.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation
Yasmine Belkaid,Timothy W. Hand +1 more
TL;DR: In high-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners, such as nematodes, may have selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in immune responses
Sabra L. Klein,Katie L. Flanagan +1 more
TL;DR: It is emphasized that sex is a biological variable that should be considered in immunological studies and contribute to variations in the incidence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, susceptibility to infectious diseases and responses to vaccines in males and females.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
John F. Cryan,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Caitlin S. M. Cowan,Kiran V. Sandhu,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Marcus Boehme,Martín Gabriel Codagnone,Sofia Cussotto,Christine Fülling,Anna V. Golubeva,Katherine E. Guzzetta,Minal Jaggar,Caitriona M. Long-Smith,Joshua M. Lyte,Jason A. Martin,Alicia Molinero-Perez,Gerard M. Moloney,Emanuela Morelli,Enrique Morillas,Rory C. O'Connor,Joana S Cruz-Pereira,Veronica L. Peterson,Kieran Rea,Nathaniel L. Ritz,Eoin Sherwin,Simon Spichak,Emily M. Teichman,Marcel van de Wouw,Ana Paula Ventura-Silva,Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons,Niall P. Hyland,Gerard Clarke,Timothy G. Dinan +32 more
TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
TL;DR: Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of disease, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
Jotham Suez,Tal Korem,David Zeevi,Gili Zilberman-Schapira,Christoph A. Thaiss,Ori Maza,David Israeli,Niv Zmora,Shlomit Gilad,Adina Weinberger,Yael Kuperman,Alon Harmelin,Ilana Kolodkin-Gal,Hagit Shapiro,Zamir Halpern,Eran Segal,Eran Elinav +16 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of glucose intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage.
References
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UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection
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TL;DR: This study has demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in theBritish population is generally modest.
Journal ArticleDOI
Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using Phred. I. accuracy assessment
TL;DR: In this article, a base-calling program for automated sequencer traces, phred, with improved accuracy was proposed. But it was not shown to achieve a lower error rate than the ABI software, averaging 40%-50% fewer errors in the data sets examined independent of position in read, machine running conditions, or sequencing chemistry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample
J. Gregory Caporaso,Christian L. Lauber,William A. Walters,Donna Berg-Lyons,Catherine A. Lozupone,Peter J. Turnbaugh,Noah Fierer,Rob Knight +7 more
TL;DR: This work sequences a diverse array of 25 environmental samples and three known “mock communities” at a depth averaging 3.1 million reads per sample to demonstrate excellent consistency in taxonomic recovery and recapture diversity patterns that were previously reported on the basis of metaanalysis of many studies from the literature.
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ARB: a software environment for sequence data
Wolfgang Ludwig,Oliver Strunk,Ralf Westram,Lothar Richter,Harald Meier,Yadhukumar,Arno Buchner,Tina Lai,Susanne Steppi,Gangolf Jobb,Wolfram Förster,Igor Brettske,Stefan Gerber,Anton W. Ginhart,Oliver Gross,Silke Grumann,Stefan Hermann,Ralf Jost,Andreas König,Thomas Liss,Ralph Lüßmann,Michael May,Björn Nonhoff,Boris Reichel,Robert Strehlow,Alexandros Stamatakis,Norbert Stuckmann,Alexander Vilbig,Michael Lenke,Thomas Ludwig,Arndt Bode,Karl-Heinz Schleifer +31 more
TL;DR: The ARB program package comprises a variety of directly interacting software tools for sequence database maintenance and analysis which are controlled by a common graphical user interface.
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