Nokia

About: Nokia is a company organization based out in Espoo, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Mobile station. The organization has 16625 authors who have published 28347 publications receiving 695725 citations. The organization is also known as: Nokia Oyj & Oy Nokia Ab.

Location updating in a cellular radio network

Abstract: The invention relates to a cellular radio network and a mobile station. In addition to location updating of a mobile station with the accuracy of one location area (LA), a so-called temporary subscriber-specific paging area (TPA') is determined. The mobile station initiates the determining of the temporary paging area in the subscriber database of the cellular radio network after being located in a cell (X) for a sufficiently long period. The temporary paging area (TPA') is smaller than the location area (LA) (e.g. one cell), and thus the paging of a mobile station can be focused on a small area, i.e. said temporary paging area. It is thus unnecessary to page over the entire location area, and paging time can be reduced and capacity of the cellular radio network spared.

A High-Performance Sum of Absolute Difference Implementation for Motion Estimation

Abstract: This paper presents a high-performance sum of absolute difference (SAD) architecture for motion estimation, which is the most time-consuming and compute-intensive part of video coding. The proposed architecture contains novel and efficient optimizations to overcome bottlenecks discovered in existing approaches. In addition, designed sophisticated control logic with multiple early termination mechanisms further enhance execution speed and make the architecture suitable for general-purpose usage. Hence, the proposed architecture is not restricted to a single block-matching algorithm in motion estimation, but a wide range of algorithms is supported. The proposed SAD architecture outperforms contemporary architectures in terms of execution speed and area efficiency. The proposed architecture with three pipeline stages, synthesized to a 0.18-mum CMOS technology, can attain 770-MHz operating frequency at a cost of less than 5600 gates. Correspondingly, performance metrics for the proposed low-latency 2-stage architecture are 730 MHz and 7500 gates

Discovery of relational association rules

Abstract: Within KDD, the discovery of frequent patterns has been studied in a variety of settings. In its simplest form, known from association rule mining, the task is to discover all frequent item sets, i.e., all combinations of items that are found in a sufficient number of examples. We present algorithms for relational association rule discovery that are well-suited for exploratory data mining. They offer the flexibility required to experiment with examples more complex than feature vectors and patterns more complex than item sets.

User evaluation of mobile augmented reality scenarios

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming state-of-the-art in the mobile technology domain. However, developing successful end user services around AR is still in its infancy, which is partially resulting from the lack of user research regarding potential users' expectations and user acceptance in the particular area. In order to identify the most potential use cases and contexts, in which mobile AR could be utilized, it is important to evaluate already the early service concepts with potential end users. This paper reports an online survey for evaluating the user acceptance of five different mobile AR scenarios, as well as for understanding the potential and risks or mobile AR in general. The results show ambivalent attitudes towards mobile AR services but also imply that the scenarios demonstrating pragmatic relevance were valued over pleasure oriented ones. AR was seen to make contextually relevant information easily available and allow novel interaction possibilities with the physical world. Distrust arose with fears of information flood, users' loss of autonomy, and virtual replacing the real. The respondents' level of technological orientation was found to highly affect the overall acceptance of the scenarios. The results help in considering key acceptance issues and potential users' expectations in the development of future mobile AR services.

Where's The Phone? A Study of Mobile Phone Location in Public Spaces

Abstract: This paper presents the approach and the outcome of a study, called where's-the-phone to identify characteristics of how mobile phones are carried whilst users are out and about in public spaces. A series of contextual interviews were conducted in public spaces of Helsinki, Milan and New York collecting 419 responses in total. The results show a strong tendency by gender, with females using bags and males using trouser pockets to place their mobile phones. Comments from participants suggested users did not place the phone wherever available, but rather considered many aspects, such as the convenience, tolerance to multiple postures, risk of theft, comfort, or impact to their appearance. We learn that bag users miss incoming alerts more often than with other carrying methods. Based on the outcome of the study, we discuss the challenges in designing mobile devices, in particular mobile phones