Osaka University

About: Osaka University is a education organization based out in Osaka, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Catalysis. The organization has 83778 authors who have published 185669 publications receiving 5158122 citations. The organization is also known as: Ōsaka daigaku.

Measurements of Interaction Cross-Sections and Nuclear Radii in the Light p Shell Region

Abstract: Interaction cross sections (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{I}$) for all known Li isotopes ($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$-$^{11}\mathrm{Li}$) and $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$, $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$, and $^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ on targets Be, C, and Al have been measured at 790 MeV/nucleon. Root mean square radii of these isotopes as well as He isotopes have been deduced from the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{I}$ by a Glauber-type calculation. Appreciable differences of radii among isobars ($^{6}\mathrm{He}$-$^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{8}\mathrm{He}$-$^{8}\mathrm{Li}$, and $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$-$^{9}\mathrm{Be}$) have been observed for the first time. The nucleus $^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ showed a remarkably large radius suggesting a large deformation or a long tail in the matter distribution.

Electron Correlation and Ferromagnetism of Transition Metals

Abstract: The electron correlation in a narrow energy band is discussed taking into account the multiple scattering between two electrons. The discussion is an adaptation of Brueckner's theory of nuclear matter. It is assumed that electrons interact with each other only when they are at the same atom. The effect of the electron correlation depends in an intricate way on the energy spectrum of a given band. An approximate expression of the effective magnitude of the interaction is derived. The condition for the occurrence of ferromagnetism is investigated for various types of bands. The ferromagnetism of Ni and the paramagnetism of Pd can be understood reasonably through the present approach. The degeneracy of the d bands is taken into account in the discussion of these metals. (auth)

Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Mediating Immune Response to Microbial Lipoproteins

Abstract: The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family acts as pattern recognition receptors for pathogen-specific molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR2 is essential for the signaling of a variety of PAMPs, including bacterial lipoprotein/lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, and GPI anchors. TLR6 associates with TLR2 and recognizes diacylated mycoplasmal lipopeptide along with TLR2. We report here that TLR1 associates with TLR2 and recognizes the native mycobacterial 19-kDa lipoprotein along with TLR2. Macrophages from TLR1-deficient (TLR1(-/-)) mice showed impaired proinflammatory cytokine production in response to the 19-kDa lipoprotein and a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide. In contrast, TLR1(-/-) cells responded normally to diacylated lipopeptide. TLR1 interacts with TLR2 and coexpression of TLR1 and TLR2 enhanced the NF-kappaB activation in response to a synthetic lipopeptide. Furthermore, lipoprotein analogs whose acylation was modified were preferentially recognized by TLR1. Taken together, TLR1 interacts with TLR2 to recognize the lipid configuration of the native mycobacterial lipoprotein as well as several triacylated lipopeptides.

Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium.

Abstract: Background Ocular trauma or disease may lead to severe corneal opacification and, consequently, severe loss of vision as a result of complete loss of corneal epithelial stem cells. Transplantation of autologous corneal stem-cell sources is an alternative to allograft transplantation and does not require immunosuppression, but it is not possible in many cases in which bilateral disease produces total corneal stem-cell deficiency in both eyes. We studied the use of autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells as a source of cells for the reconstruction of the corneal surface. Methods We harvested 3-by-3-mm specimens of oral mucosal tissue from four patients with bilateral total corneal stem-cell deficiencies. Tissue-engineered epithelial-cell sheets were fabricated ex vivo by culturing harvested cells for two weeks on temperature-responsive cell-culture surfaces with 3T3 feeder cells that had been treated with mitomycin C. After conjunctival fibrovascular tissue had been surgically removed from the ocular surfa...

Association of Hypoadiponectinemia With Coronary Artery Disease in Men

Abstract: Background— Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived plasma protein that accumulates in the injured artery and has potential antiatherogenic properties. This study was designed to determine whether a decreased plasma adiponectin level (hypoadiponectinemia) can be independently associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results— The consecutive 225 male patients were enrolled from inpatients who underwent coronary angiography. Voluntary blood donors (n=225) matched for age served as controls. Plasma adiponectin levels in the CAD patients were significantly lower than those in the control subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis including plasma adiponectin level, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking habits, and body mass index revealed that hypoadiponectinemia was significantly and independently correlated with CAD ( P Conclusions— Male patients with hypoadiponectinemia (