University of Notre Dame

About: University of Notre Dame is a education organization based out in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 22238 authors who have published 55201 publications receiving 2032925 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Notre Dame du Lac & University of Notre Dame, South Bend.

MACHO Project Limits on Black Hole Dark Matter in the 1-30 M☉ Range

Abstract: We report on a search for long-duration microlensing events toward the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find none and therefore put limits on the contribution of high-mass objects to the Galactic dark matter. At a 95% confidence level, we exclude objects in the mass range of 0.3-30.0 M☉ from contributing more than 4 × 1011 M☉ to the Galactic halo. Combined with earlier results, this means that objects with masses under 30 M☉ cannot make up the entire dark matter halo if the halo is of typical size. For a typical dark halo, objects with masses under 10 M☉ contribute less than 40% of the dark matter.

It Depends on Where You Search: Institutional Investor Attention and Underreaction to News

Abstract: We propose a direct measure of abnormal institutional investor attention (AIA) using news searching and news reading activity for specific stocks on Bloomberg terminals. AIA is highly correlated with institutional trading measures and related to, but different from, other investor attention proxies. Contrasting AIA with retail attention measured by Google search activity, we find that institutional attention responds more quickly to major news events, leads retail attention, and facilitates permanent price adjustment. The well-documented price drifts following both earnings announcements and analyst recommendation changes are driven by announcements to which institutional investors fail to pay sufficient attention.Received February 24, 2016; editorial decision December 29, 2016 by Editor Andrew Karolyi.

Linking genes to communities and ecosystems: Daphnia as an ecogenomic model.

Abstract: How do genetic variation and evolutionary change in critical species affect the composition and functioning of populations, communities and ecosystems? Illuminating the links in the causal chain from genes up to ecosystems is a particularly exciting prospect now that the feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary changes are known to be bidirectional. Yet to fully explore phenomena that span multiple levels of the biological hierarchy requires model organisms and systems that feature a comprehensive triad of strong ecological interactions in nature, experimental tractability in diverse contexts and accessibility to modern genomic tools. The water flea Daphnia satisfies these criteria, and genomic approaches capitalizing on the pivotal role Daphnia plays in the functioning of pelagic freshwater food webs will enable investigations of eco-evolutionary dynamics in unprecedented detail. Because its ecology is profoundly influenced by both genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity, Daphnia represents a model system with tremendous potential for developing a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between traits at the genetic, organismal and population levels, and consequences for community and ecosystem dynamics. Here, we highlight the combination of traits and ecological interactions that make Daphnia a definitive model system, focusing on the additional power and capabilities enabled by recent molecular and genomic advances.

Effect of high- κ gate dielectrics on charge transport in graphene-based field effect transistors

Abstract: The effect of various dielectrics on charge mobility in single-layer graphene is investigated. By calculating the remote optical phonon scattering arising from the polar substrates, and combining it with their effect on Coulombic impurity scattering, a comprehensive picture of the effect of dielectrics on charge transport in graphene emerges. It is found that though high-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ dielectrics can strongly reduce Coulombic scattering by dielectric screening, scattering from surface phonon modes arising from them wash out this advantage. Calculation shows that within the available choice of dielectrics, there is not much room for improving carrier mobility in actual devices at room temperatures.

The Meta Distribution of the SIR in Poisson Bipolar and! Cellular Networks

Abstract: The calculation of the SIR distribution at the typical receiver (or, equivalently, the success probability of transmissions over the typical link) in Poisson bipolar and cellular networks with Rayleigh fading is relatively straightforward, but it only provides limited information on the success probabilities of the individual links This paper focuses on the meta distribution of the SIR, which is the distribution of the conditional success probability $P_{\rm{ s}}$ given the point process, and provides bounds, an exact analytical expression, and a simple approximation for it The meta distribution provides fine-grained information on the SIR and answers questions such as “What fraction of users in a Poisson cellular network achieve 90% link reliability if the required SIR is 5 dB?” Interestingly, in the bipolar model, if the transmit probability $p$ is reduced while increasing the network density $\lambda$ such that the density of concurrent transmitters $\lambda p$ stays constant as $p\rightarrow 0$ , $P_{\rm{ s}}$ degenerates to a constant, ie, all links have exactly the same success probability in the limit, which is the one of the typical link In contrast, in the cellular case, if the interfering base stations are active independently with probability $p$ , the variance of $P_{\rm{ s}}$ approaches a non-zero constant when $p$ is reduced to 0 while keeping the mean success probability constant