University of Notre Dame

About: University of Notre Dame is a education organization based out in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 22238 authors who have published 55201 publications receiving 2032925 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Notre Dame du Lac & University of Notre Dame, South Bend.

Morphology of Ion-Sputtered Surfaces

Abstract: We derive a stochastic nonlinear continuum theory to describe the morphological evolution of amorphous surfaces eroded by ion bombardment. Starting from Sigmund's theory of sputter erosion, we calculate the coefficients appearing in the continuum equation in terms of the physical parameters characterizing the sputtering process. We analyze the morphological features predicted by the continuum theory, comparing them with the experimentally reported morphologies. We show that for short time scales, where the effect of nonlinear terms is negligible, the continuum theory predicts ripple formation. We demonstrate that in addition to relaxation by thermal surface diffusion, the sputtering process can also contribute to the smoothing mechanisms shaping the surface morphology. We explicitly calculate an effective surface diffusion constant characterizing this smoothing effect, and show that it is responsible for the low temperature ripple formation observed in various experiments. At long time scales the nonlinear terms dominate the evolution of the surface morphology. The nonlinear terms lead to the stabilization of the ripple wavelength and we show that, depending on the experimental parameters such as angle of incidence and ion energy, different morphologies can be observed: asymptotically, sputter eroded surfaces could undergo kinetic roughening, or can display novel ordered structures with rotated ripples. Finally, we discuss in detail the existing experimental support for the proposed theory, and uncover novel features of the surface morphology and evolution, that could be directly tested experimentally.

A Tale of Two Cultures: Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences

Abstract: Preface vii *1. Introduction 1 *2. Mathematical Prelude: A Selective Introduction to Logic and Set Theory for Social Scientists 16 I. CAUSAL MODELS AND INFERENCE *3. Causes-of-Effects versus Effects-of-Causes 41 *4. Causal Models 51 *5. Asymmetry 64 *6. Hume's Two Definitions of Cause 75 II. WITHIN-CASE ANALYSIS *7. Within-Case versus Cross-Case Causal Analysis 87 *8. Causal Mechanisms and Process Tracing 100 *9. Counterfactuals 115 III. CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT *10. Concepts: Definitions, Indicators, and Error 127 *11. Meaning and Measurement 139 *12. Semantics, Statistics, and Data Transformations 150 *13. Conceptual Opposites and Typologies 161 IV. RESEARCH DESIGN AND GENERALIZATION *14. Case Selection and Hypothesis Testing 177 *15. Generalizations 192 *16. Scope 205 *17. Conclusion 220 Appendix 227 Name Index 231 Subject Index 235

Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives.

Abstract: The National Survey of Households and Families was used to test competing explanations of how the distribution of housework and paid work among couples affects depressive symptomatology. Considerations of equity predict that the fair distribution of labor across spouses will alleviate depression, while role theory predicts that the performance of multiple, engaging roles will inhibit depression, irrespective of equity across spouses. Results confirm that paid employment is associated with reduced depression among both husbands and wives until work hours exceed an upper threshold. However, time spent in housework is universally associated with increased depression, no matter what other role constellations exist. Little evidence supports the notion that equity in the division of labor (either paid or unpaid) inhibits depression, but perceptions of equity are significantly associated with lower levels of depression. In particular, husbands are strongly affected by perceived equity in the performance of paid work, while wives are strongly affected by perceived equity in the performance of housework.

Flavor physics of leptons and dipole moments

Abstract: This chapter of the report of the “Flavor in the era of the LHC” Workshop discusses the theoretical, phenomenological and experimental issues related to flavor phenomena in the charged lepton sector and in flavor conserving CP-violating processes. We review the current experimental limits and the main theoretical models for the flavor structure of fundamental particles. We analyze the phenomenological consequences of the available data, setting constraints on explicit models beyond the standard model, presenting benchmarks for the discovery potential of forthcoming measurements both at the LHC and at low energy, and exploring options for possible future experiments.

Amine-functionalized task-specific ionic liquids: a mechanistic explanation for the dramatic increase in viscosity upon complexation with CO2 from molecular simulation.

Abstract: The capture of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion, particularly in coal-fired power plants, represents a critical component of efforts aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. Alkanolamines have traditionally been used to this end; however, drawbacks such as volatility, degradation, and regeneration costs have been drivers for the development of new, superior technologies. Recently, several seminal studies with ionic liquids (ILs), both experimental and computational, have demonstrated their potential as CO2 capture agents. In traditional ILs, experimental studies with CO2 have revealed its unusually high physical solubility in these media. Complementary simulation studies have provided evidence that this is attributable to CO2 occupying void space within the liquid and favorably interacting with the anion. Recently, a series of second-generation task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) containing amine functional groups have been synthesized and demonstrated to have much higher capacities fo...