Chemotherapy induces ATP release from tumor cells.
Isabelle Martins,Antoine Tesniere,Oliver Kepp,Mickaël Michaud,Frédéric Schlemmer,Laura Senovilla,Claire Séror,Didier Métivier,Jean-Luc Perfettini,Laurence Zitvogel,Guido Kroemer +10 more
TLDR
It is described that multiple distinct anticancer drugs reduce the intracellular concentration of ATP before and during the manifestation of apoptotic characteristics such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the plasma membrane.Abstract:
Chemotherapy can induce anticancer immune responses. In contrast to a widely extended prejudice, apoptotic cell death is often more efficient in eliciting a protective anticancer immune response than necrotic cell death. Recently, we have found that purinergic receptors of the P2X7 type are required for the anticancer immune response induced by chemotherapy. ATP is the endogenous ligand that has the highest affinity for P2X7. Therefore, we investigated the capacity of a panel of chemotherapeutic agents to induce ATP release from cancer cells. Here, we describe that multiple distinct anticancer drugs reduce the intracellular concentration of ATP before and during the manifestation of apoptotic characteristics such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the plasma membrane. Indeed, as apoptosis progresses, intracellular ATP concentrations decrease, although even advanced-stage apoptotic cells still contain sizeable ATP levels. Only when cells enter secondary necrosis, the ATP concentration falls to undetectable levels. Concomitantly, a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents causes the release of ATP into the extracellular space as they induce tumor cell death. Hence, ATP release is a general correlate of apoptotic cell death induced by conventional anticancer therapies.read more
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Immunogenic cell death and DAMPs in cancer therapy.
Dmitri V. Krysko,Abhishek D. Garg,Agnieszka Kaczmarek,Olga Krysko,Patrizia Agostinis,Peter Vandenabeele +5 more
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Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death
Oliver Kepp,Laura Senovilla,Ilio Vitale,Erika Vacchelli,Sandy Adjemian,Patrizia Agostinis,Lionel Apetoh,Fernando Aranda,Vincenzo Barnaba,Norma Bloy,Laura Bracci,Karine Breckpot,David Brough,Aitziber Buqué,Maria G. Castro,Mara Cirone,María Isabel Colombo,Isabelle Cremer,Sandra Demaria,Luciana Dini,Aristides G. Eliopoulos,Alberto Faggioni,Silvia C. Formenti,Jitka Fucikova,Lucia Gabriele,Udo S. Gaipl,Jérôme Galon,Abhishek D. Garg,François Ghiringhelli,Nathalia A. Giese,Zong Sheng Guo,Akseli Hemminki,Martin Herrmann,James W. Hodge,Stefan Holdenrieder,Jamie Honeychurch,Hong-Min Hu,Xing Huang,Timothy M Illidge,Koji Kono,Mladen Korbelik,Dmitri V. Krysko,Sherene Loi,Pedro R. Lowenstein,Enrico Lugli,Yuting Ma,Frank Madeo,Angelo A. Manfredi,Isabelle Martins,Domenico Mavilio,Laurie Menger,Nicolò Merendino,Michael Michaud,Grégoire Mignot,Karen L. Mossman,Gabriele Multhoff,Rudolf Oehler,Fabio Palombo,Theocharis Panaretakis,Jonathan Pol,Enrico Proietti,Jean-Ehrland Ricci,Chiara Riganti,Patrizia Rovere-Querini,Anna Rubartelli,Antonella Sistigu,Mark J. Smyth,Juergen Sonnemann,Radek Spisek,John Stagg,Abdul Qader Sukkurwala,Eric Tartour,Andrew Thorburn,Stephen H. Thorne,Peter Vandenabeele,Francesca Velotti,Samuel T Workenhe,Haining Yang,Wei-Xing Zong,Laurence Zitvogel,Guido Kroemer,Lorenzo Galluzzi +81 more
TL;DR: Strategies conceived to detect surrogate markers of ICD in vitro and to screen large chemical libraries for putative I CD inducers are outlined, based on a high-content, high-throughput platform that was recently developed.
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Abhishek D. Garg,Dmitri V. Krysko,Tom Verfaillie,Agnieszka Kaczmarek,Gabriela B Ferreira,Thierry Marysael,N Rubio,Malgorzata Firczuk,Malgorzata Firczuk,Chantal Mathieu,Anton J.M. Roebroek,Wim Annaert,Jakub Golab,Jakub Golab,Peter de Witte,Peter Vandenabeele,Patrizia Agostinis +16 more
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TL;DR: A nonexhaustive comparison of methods to detect cell death with apoptotic or nonapoptotic morphologies, their advantages and pitfalls is provided and the importance of performing multiple, methodologically unrelated assays to quantify dying and dead cells is emphasized.
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The Inflammasomes: Guardians of the Body
TL;DR: The role of NLRs, and in particular the inflammasomes, in the recognition of microbial and danger components and the role they play in health and disease are discussed.
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