Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).
Rolf-Detlef Treede,Winfried Rief,Antonia Barke,Qasim Aziz,Michael I. Bennett,Rafael Benoliel,Milton Cohen,Stefan Evers,Nanna B. Finnerup,Michael B. First,Maria Adele Giamberardino,Stein Kaasa,Beatrice Korwisi,Eva Kosek,Patricia Lavand'homme,Michael K. Nicholas,Serge Perrot,Joachim Scholz,Stephan A. Schug,Stephan A. Schug,Blair H. Smith,Peter Svensson,Peter Svensson,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Shuu Jiun Wang,Shuu Jiun Wang +26 more
TLDR
In conditions such as fibromyalgia or nonspecific low-back pain, chronic pain may be conceived as a disease in its own right; in this proposal, this subgroup is called “chronic primary pain,” and in 6 other subgroups, pain is secondary to an underlying disease.Abstract:
Chronic pain is a major source of suffering. It interferes with daily functioning and often is accompanied by distress. Yet, in the International Classification of Diseases, chronic pain diagnoses are not represented systematically. The lack of appropriate codes renders accurate epidemiological investigations difficult and impedes health policy decisions regarding chronic pain such as adequate financing of access to multimodal pain management. In cooperation with the WHO, an IASP Working Group has developed a classification system that is applicable in a wide range of contexts, including pain medicine, primary care, and low-resource environments. Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 3 months. In chronic pain syndromes, pain can be the sole or a leading complaint and requires special treatment and care. In conditions such as fibromyalgia or nonspecific low-back pain, chronic pain may be conceived as a disease in its own right; in our proposal, we call this subgroup "chronic primary pain." In 6 other subgroups, pain is secondary to an underlying disease: chronic cancer-related pain, chronic neuropathic pain, chronic secondary visceral pain, chronic posttraumatic and postsurgical pain, chronic secondary headache and orofacial pain, and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain. These conditions are summarized as "chronic secondary pain" where pain may at least initially be conceived as a symptom. Implementation of these codes in the upcoming 11th edition of International Classification of Diseases will lead to improved classification and diagnostic coding, thereby advancing the recognition of chronic pain as a health condition in its own right.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises.
Srinivasa N. Raja,Daniel B. Carr,Milton Cohen,Nanna B. Finnerup,Nanna B. Finnerup,Herta Flor,Stephen J. Gibson,Francis J. Keefe,Jeffrey S. Mogil,Matthias Ringkamp,Kathleen A. Sluka,Xue-Jun Song,Bonnie Stevens,Mark D. Sullivan,Perri R. Tutelman,Takahiro Ushida,Kyle Vader +16 more
TL;DR: This review provides a synopsis of the critical concepts, the analysis of comments from the IASP membership and public, and the committee's final recommendations for revisions to the definition and notes, which were discussed over a 2-year period.
Journal ArticleDOI
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: Chronic primary pain
Michael K. Nicholas,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Winfried Rief,Antonia Barke,Qasim Aziz,Rafael Benoliel,Milton Cohen,Stefan Evers,Maria Adele Giamberardino,Andreas Goebel,Beatrice Korwisi,Serge Perrot,Peter Svensson,Peter Svensson,Shuu Jiun Wang,Rolf-Detlef Treede,Rolf-Detlef Treede +17 more
TL;DR: The goal here is to create a classification that is useful in both primary care and specialized pain management settings for the development of individualized management plans, and to assist both clinicians and researchers by providing a more accurate description of each diagnostic category.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances
TL;DR: The biopsychosocial model of chronic pain this paper presents physical symptoms as the denouement of a dynamic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors, which can be classified as nociceptive (from tissue injury), neuropathic (from nerve injury), or nociplastic (from a sensitised nervous system).
Journal ArticleDOI
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain.
Joachim Scholz,Nanna B. Finnerup,Nadine Attal,Qasim Aziz,Ralf Baron,Michael I. Bennett,Rafael Benoliel,Milton Cohen,Giorgio Cruccu,Karen D. Davis,Karen D. Davis,Stefan Evers,Michael B. First,Maria Adele Giamberardino,Per Hansson,Per Hansson,Stein Kaasa,Beatrice Korwisi,Beatrice Korwisi,Eva Kosek,Patricia Lavand'homme,Michael K. Nicholas,Turo Nurmikko,Serge Perrot,Srinivasa N. Raja,Andrew S.C. Rice,Michael C. Rowbotham,Stephan A. Schug,David M. Simpson,Blair H. Smith,Peter Svensson,Peter Svensson,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Shuu Jiun Wang,Antonia Barke,Winfried Rief,Rolf-Detlef Treede +37 more
TL;DR: The most common conditions of peripheral neuropathic pain are trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injury, painful polyneuropathy, postherpetic neural gia, and painful radiculopathy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions
Mary Ann Fitzcharles,Steven P. Cohen,Steven P. Cohen,Daniel J. Clauw,Geoffrey O. Littlejohn,Chie Usui,Winfried Häuser +6 more
TL;DR: Nociplastic pain this paper is a third category of pain that is mechanistically distinct from nociceptive pain, which is caused by ongoing inflammation and damage of tissues, and neuropathic pain, caused by nerve damage.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale computer-assisted telephone survey was conducted to explore the prevalence, severity, treatment and impact of chronic pain in 15 European countries and Israel and found that chronic pain is a major health care problem in Europe that needs to be taken more seriously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropathic pain Redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes
Rolf-Detlef Treede,Troels S. Jensen,James N. Campbell,Giorgio Cruccu,Jonathan O. Dostrovsky,J. W. Griffin,Per Hansson,Richard A. C. Hughes,Turo Nurmikko,Jordi Serra +9 more
TL;DR: A grading system of definite, probable, and possible neuropathic pain is proposed, which includes the grade possible, which can only be regarded as a working hypothesis, and the grades probable and definite, which require confirmatory evidence from a neurologic examination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain.
Michael J. L. Sullivan,Beverly E. Thorn,Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite,Francis J. Keefe,Michelle Y. Martin,Laurence A. Bradley,John C. Lefebvre +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that catastrophizing might best be viewed from the perspective of hierarchical levels of analysis, where social factors and social goals may play a role in the development and maintenance of catastrophize, whereas appraisal-related processes may point to the mechanisms that link catastrophization to pain experience.
Journal ArticleDOI
A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11.
Rolf-Detlef Treede,Winfried Rief,Antonia Barke,Qasim Aziz,Michael I. Bennett,Rafael Benoliel,Milton Cohen,Stefan Evers,Nanna B. Finnerup,Michael B. First,Maria Adele Giamberardino,Stein Kaasa,Eva Kosek,Patricia Lavand'homme,Michael K. Nicholas,Serge Perrot,Joachim Scholz,Stephan A. Schug,Blair H. Smith,Peter Svensson,Peter Svensson,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Johan W.S. Vlaeyen,Shuu Jiun Wang +23 more
TL;DR: The IASP Task Force, which comprises pain experts from across the globe, has developed a new and pragmatic classification of chronic pain for the upcoming 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, termed “multiple parenting.”
Journal ArticleDOI
The management of pain
TL;DR: In this article, a basic consideration of pain is presented, fundamental considerations basic aspects clinical aspects, and methods, procedures, and techniques for the symptomatic control of pain are discussed.
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