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Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness : methodological issues and clinical applications. Commentary

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors summarized the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.
Abstract
In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the role of arterial stiffness in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, the assessment of arterial stiffness is increasingly used in the clinical assessment of patients. Although several papers have previously addressed the methodological issues concerning the various indices of arterial stiffness currently available, and their clinical applications, clinicians and researchers still report difficulties in selecting the most appropriate methodology for their specific use. This paper summarizes the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and is aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.

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Acute Effect of Increasing Glucocorticoid Replacement Dose on Cardiovascular Risk and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Adrenocorticotrophin Deficiency

TL;DR: Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality associated with higher glucocorticoid doses and ACTH-deficient patients should thus be prescribed the lowest safe glucoc Corticoid replacement dose.
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Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in Obese Populations

TL;DR: Arterial stiffness is generally not reduced in middle-aged and older obese populations in response to aerobic training, however, in studies using low-intensity aerobic training and yielding a decrease in systolic blood pressure, arterial stiffness may decrease.
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Comparison of Non-Invasive Methods for Measurement of Local Pulse Wave Velocity Using FSI-Simulations and In Vivo Data

TL;DR: This in vivo study showed similar discrepancies between the 3 single-location techniques as present in the carotid simulations, with the difference between the PU- and ln(D)U-method related to the magnitude of wave reflection.
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Altered Arterial Stiffness and Subendocardial Viability Ratio in Young Healthy Light Smokers after Acute Exercise

TL;DR: Chronic and acute smoking appears to diminish the vascular response to physical stress, seen as an impaired ‘vascular reserve’ or a blunted ability of the blood vessels to accommodate the changes required to achieve higher workloads.
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Arterial stiffness and chronic kidney disease: lessons from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study.

TL;DR: P pulse wave velocity is a robust, reproducible measure of arterial stiffness which adds important information to standard clinical assessments in a population with chronic kidney disease, a disorder with high likelihood of progressive kidney function loss, and a substantial predisposition to cardiovascular disease.
References
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Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients.

TL;DR: This study provides the first direct evidence that aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with essential hypertension.
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