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Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness : methodological issues and clinical applications. Commentary

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors summarized the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.
Abstract
In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the role of arterial stiffness in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, the assessment of arterial stiffness is increasingly used in the clinical assessment of patients. Although several papers have previously addressed the methodological issues concerning the various indices of arterial stiffness currently available, and their clinical applications, clinicians and researchers still report difficulties in selecting the most appropriate methodology for their specific use. This paper summarizes the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and is aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.

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Role of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular disease

TL;DR: PWV does not increase during early stages of atherosclerosis, but it does increase in the presence of aortic calcification that occurs within advanced atherosclerotic plaque, and the haemodynamic consequences of increased aorti stiffness are summarized.
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Comparison of aortic pulse wave velocity measured by three techniques: Complior, Sphygmocor and Arteriograph

TL;DR: Differences in pulse wave velocity obtained by compared devices resulted primarily from using various methods for measuring traveled distance, and it appears reasonable to establish uniform principles for the measurement of traveled distance.
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Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Induced by Oxidative Stress

TL;DR: The current review focuses on the relationship between diabetes-induced CVD and oxidative stress, while highlighting the latest insights into this relationship from findings on diabetic heart and vascular disease.
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Vascular Aging A Tale of EVA and ADAM in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Prevention

TL;DR: It is proposed that early vascular aging (EVA) could be a useful concept to better guide clinical investigations in subjects at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, which could be the case in individuals with marginal elevation of classic risk factors or with a strong family history of early CVD manifestations.
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Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Dysfunction in Healthy Humans

TL;DR: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in the conductance and resistance blood vessels in humans, irrespective of traditional risk burden, and provides impetus for larger trials to assess the effects of vitamin D therapy in cardiovascular disease.
References
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Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients.

TL;DR: This study provides the first direct evidence that aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with essential hypertension.
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