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Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness : methodological issues and clinical applications. Commentary

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors summarized the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.
Abstract
In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the role of arterial stiffness in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, the assessment of arterial stiffness is increasingly used in the clinical assessment of patients. Although several papers have previously addressed the methodological issues concerning the various indices of arterial stiffness currently available, and their clinical applications, clinicians and researchers still report difficulties in selecting the most appropriate methodology for their specific use. This paper summarizes the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and is aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.

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Age-Related Changes in Aortic Arch Geometry: Relationship with Proximal Aortic Function and Left Ventricular Mass and Remodeling

TL;DR: Age-related unfolding of the aortic arch is related to increased proximal aorta stiffness in individuals without cardiovascular disease and associated with increased LV mass and mass-to-volume ratio independent of age, body size, central pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Recent Advances in Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Human Hypertension

TL;DR: A review of recent advances in understanding of the role played by arterial stiffness and wave reflection in the pathophysiology and treatment of human hypertension suggests that adaptive mechanisms may include a rearrangement of the arterial wall material through cell–matrix connections.
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Characterizing the elastic properties of tissues

TL;DR: This review focuses on the cardiovascular system and discusses the techniques used both in vivo and ex vivo to determine the age-related changes in the mechanical properties of arteries.
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Increased Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With Silent Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Hypertensive Patients

TL;DR: It is shown that a higher pulse wave velocity was significantly associated with a greater volume of white matter hyperintensities and the presence of lacunar infarcts and microbleeds, while the models for pulse pressure failed to reach statistical significance in multivariate analyses.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reference Values of Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Children and Teenagers

TL;DR: This study, involving >1000 children, is the first to provide reference values for pulse wave velocity in children and teenagers, thereby constituting a suitable tool for longitudinal clinical studies assessing subgroups of children who are at long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.
References
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Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients.

TL;DR: This study provides the first direct evidence that aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with essential hypertension.
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