Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells provide help for B cell clonal expansion and antibody synthesis in a similar manner in vivo.
Karen M. Smith,Lindsay Pottage,Elaine Thomas,Andrew J. Leishman,Tamsin N. Doig,Damo Xu,Foo Y. Liew,Paul Garside +7 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that Th1 and Th2 cells support B cell responses to a similar extent in vivo and that they achieve this in the same manner by migrating into B cell follicles to promote CD154-dependent B cell clonal expansion and Ab production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain in cytokine signaling and lymphoid development.
TL;DR: The abnormalities observed in gamma c-/Y mice have provided clues to assist in dissecting the role of cytokines and their receptors in lymphoid development and have also identified interesting differences in the regulation of this process in mice and humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Th2 responses induced by epicutaneous or inhalational protein exposure are differentially dependent on IL-4
TL;DR: A marked difference is demonstrated in the IL-4 dependence of Th2 responses generated at two anatomic sites of natural allergen encounter and this work identifies the skin as a particularly potent site for Th2 sensitization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generation of mice with a 200-kb amyloid precursor protein gene deletion by Cre recombinase-mediated site-specific recombination in embryonic stem cells.
Zhi-Wei Li,G. Stark,Jürgen Götz,Thomas Rülicke,M. Gschwind,G. Huber,Ulrike Müller,Charles Weissmann +7 more
TL;DR: Gene disruptions and deletions of up to 20kb have been generated by homologous recombination with appropriate targeting vectors in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and ES cells were obtained that gave rise to chimeric mice capable of germ-line transmission of the deleted amyloid precursor protein allele.
Journal ArticleDOI
Update on cytokines
TL;DR: Cytokines that are important in the pathophysiology of allergic disorders are summarized on Table V.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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