Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Regulation of IgE and IgG4 responses by allergen specific T-cell clones to bee venom phospholipase A2 in vitro
JoséM. Carballido,Nicole Carballido-Perrig,Aurelia Oberli-Schrämmli,Christoph H. Heusser,Kurt Blaser +4 more
TL;DR: An in vitro antibody response to bee venom phospholipase A2 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of bee sting-sensitized individuals was achieved and results suggest a complementary regulation of the main isotypes, IgE and IgG4, implicated in allergic and protective hyperimmune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin 13 elicits a subset of the activities of its close relative interleukin 4
G Zurawski,Jan E. de Vries +1 more
TL;DR: This review briefly summarizes the current state of knowledge of the interrelated activities of IL‐13 and IL‐4, explores the basis of these effects at the receptor level and attempts to rationalize the existence of these close relatives via differences in their production by T cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-4 receptor signaling and its binding mechanism: A therapeutic insight from inhibitors tool box
TL;DR: These cytokines are prime players in pathogenesis of allergic asthma, allergic hypersensitivity, different cancers, and HIV infection, and different targeted immunotoxins, which is a fusion of cytokine protein with a toxin or suicidal gene, are the new class of inhibitors to prevent cancer progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early stages in human and mouse T-cell development
TL;DR: This work has suggested that the IL-2 receptor gamma-chain is part of a receptor for another cytokine, important for T- and NK-cell development, and IL-7 might be involved in regulating T-cell receptor rearrangements and in proliferation of cells within the thymus.
Journal ArticleDOI
IL-21 and IL-21 receptor: a new cytokine pathway modulates innate and adaptive immunity.
TL;DR: The first experiments examining the biology of the IL-21 pathway reveal that it is a cytokine with effects on natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells.
References
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TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
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Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
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TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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