Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
IL-7 is critical for homeostatic proliferation and survival of naïve T cells
Joyce T. Tan,Eric P. Dudl,Eric LeRoy,Richard M. Murray,Jonathan Sprent,Kenneth I. Weinberg,Charles D. Surh +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown here that homeostatic proliferation is also cytokine-dependent, and naïve T cells disappeared gradually over a 1-month period upon adoptive transfer into IL-7− hosts, indicating that naive T cells depend on IL- 7 for survival and homeostatics proliferation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines in acute and chronic inflammation.
TL;DR: The role played in acute inflammation by IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6,IL-11, Il-8 and other chemokines, G-CSF, and GM- CSF is described and features of the cell-surface receptors that mediate the inflammatory effects of the described cytokines are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin 13, an interleukin 4-like cytokine that acts on monocytes and B cells, but not on T cells
G Zurawski,Jan E. de Vries +1 more
TL;DR: The data shows that IL-13 shares biological activities with IL-4, their genes are closely linked in both the human and mouse genomes, and there is sequence homology between IL-11 and IL-12 proteins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor
Toshihiro Ichiki,Patricia A. Labosky,Chiyo Shiota,Shigeru Okuyama,Yasuko Imagawa,Agnes B. Fogo,F Niimura,Iekuni Ichikawa,Brigid L.M. Hogan,Tadashi Inagami +9 more
TL;DR: The results show that angiotensin II activates AT1 and AT2, which have mutually counteracting haemo-dynamic effects, and that AT2 regulates central nervous system functions, including behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI
PDGF-A signaling is a critical event in lung alveolar myofibroblast development and alveogenesis
Hans Boström,Karen Willetts,Karen Willetts,Milos Pekny,Per Levéen,Per Lindahl,Håkan Hedstrand,Marcela Pekna,Mats Hellström,Samuel Gebre-Medhin,Martin Schalling,Mia Nilsson,Siri Kurland,Jan Törnell,John K. Heath,Christer Betsholtz +15 more
TL;DR: The two PDGF null phenotypes reveal analogous morphogenetic functions for myofibroblast-type cells in lung and kidney organogenesis, and show that PDGF-B is required in the ontogeny of kidney mesangial cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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