Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tolerance, not immunity, crucially depends on IL-2.
Thomas R. Malek,Allison L. Bayer +1 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that T-cell immunity is readily elicited to various agents in the absence of IL-2 in vivo, and the action ofIL-2 on regulatory T cells and effector cells and the targeting of IL -2 and/or the IL-1 receptor in clinical settings are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-7 jointly regulate homeostatic proliferation of memory phenotype CD8+ cells but are not required for memory phenotype CD4+ cells.
TL;DR: The overall size and composition of the pool of naive and memory T cells are tightly regulated by homeostatic mechanisms, but the mechanisms that control memory CD8+ cells and memory CD4+ cells are quite distinct.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type 1/Type 2 Immunity in Infectious Diseases
Brad Spellberg,John E. Edwards +1 more
TL;DR: T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes secrete secrete interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and lymphotoxin-alpha and stimulate type 1 immunity, which is characterized by intense phagocytic activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene produces multiple reproductive defects in the mouse.
Christopher J. Ormandy,A Camus,J. Barra,Diane Damotte,B. Lucas,Hélène Buteau,Marc Edery,Nicole Brousse,Charles Babinet,Nadine Binart,Paul A. Kelly +10 more
TL;DR: This work establishes the prolactin receptor as a key regulator of mammalian reproduction, and provides the first total ablation model to further study the role of the prolACTin receptor and its ligands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective Expression of an Interleukin-12 Receptor Component by Human T Helper 1 Cells
Lars Rogge,Luisella Barberis-Maino,Mauro Biffi,Nadia Passini,David H. Presky,Ueli Gubler,Francesco Sinigaglia +6 more
TL;DR: The selective expression and regulation of the IL-12R β2 subunit may help to understand the basis of Th1/Th2 differentiation and may provide therapeutic options for altering the Th1-Th2 balance in several immuno-pathological conditions such as autoimmune diseases and allergies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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