Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Role of Id proteins in B lymphocyte activation: new insights from knockout mouse studies
TL;DR: This review presents several new insights into B cell differentiation and activation programs and the physiological role of Id proteins in B cell activation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Loss of Sox9 function results in defective chondrocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro.
Gunnar Hargus,Ralf Kist,Jan Kramer,Daniela Gerstel,Angela Neitz,Gerd Scherer,Jürgen Rohwedel +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the earliest step of chondrogenesis could be regulated by a non cell-autonomous function of Sox9, and it is confirmed that Sox9 is required for the formation of cartilage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gold- and silver-induced murine autoimmunity--requirement for cytokines and CD28 in murine heavy metal-induced autoimmunity.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of single-gene deletions for interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 or CD28 on heavy metal-induced autoimmunity was examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
CD40 signaling induces interleukin‐4‐independent IgE switching in vivo
Walter Ferlin,Eva Severinson,Lena Ström,Andrew W. Heath,Robert L. Coffman,David A. Ferrick,Maureen Howard +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that CD40 signaling causes IL‐4‐independent IgE switching in mice, and experiments showing that anti‐CD40 antibodies induced circulating IgE when injected intoIL‐4 knockout mice, showed that sterile RNA ϵ transcript production when cultured with purified B cells from the same mice.
IL-4 Protects Adult C57BL/6 Mice from Prolonged Cryptosporidium parvum Infection: Analysis of
TL;DR: Treatment with anti-IFN-gamma mAb extended oocyst excretion 18 days longer, and anti-IL-4 mAb increased the severity and the duration of infection in IL-4(-/-) mice compared with those in Il-4(+/+) mice, which demonstrated that IFN-Gamma was important in the control of severity of infection, and either IFN -gamma or IL- 4 accelerated termination of infection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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