Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Cre-loxP system: a versatile tool for targeting genes in a cell- and stage-specific manner.
TL;DR: The continued experience with the Cre–loxP system is anticipated that the continued experience will provide an important tool to determine the role of the transcription factors involved in insulin gene regulation and islet cell differentiation and ultimately provide the basis for novel therapy to treat diabetes.
Book ChapterDOI
Structure and function of interleukin-4 and its receptor
TL;DR: The role ofIL-4 in AIDS progression is questionable because recent studies did not observe increased IL-4 production in cells from lymph nodes or from periphery of AIDS patients, and the role of IL-2 in the pathophysiology of AIDS is controversial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tendon properties in interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 knockout mice.
TL;DR: Transgenic mice are used as an animal model for investigating how cytokines affect normal tendon properties and it is demonstrated that interleukins may play an important role in tendon development, function, and maintenance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-4 inhibits kappa light chain expression and NF kappa B activation but not I kappa B alpha degradation in 70Z/3 murine pre-B cells.
Christopher J. P. Clarke,David A. Taylor-Fishwick,Anne Hales,Yuti Chernajovsky,Kazuo Sugamura,Marc Feldmann,Brian M. J. Foxwell +6 more
TL;DR: There may be a common mechanism for the well‐documented anti‐inflammatory effects of IL‐4 and that this mechanism involves the transcription factor NFχB, according to murine pre‐B cell line results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early expansion of secondary B cells after primary immunization with antigen complexed with IgE.
TL;DR: The rapid increase in the number of IgG‐secreting cells in the spleen suggests that IgE/Ag complexes induce a secondary type of antibody response without requirement for conventional priming.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
Related Papers (5)
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more