Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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High-fidelity gene targeting in embryonic stem cells by using sequence replacement vectors.
TL;DR: Mutations were targeted to the Hprt locus in murine embryonic stem cells by using sequence replacement vectors that were designed such that the mutated sequences were flanked on both sides by several kilobases of DNA homologous to the target locus.
Journal ArticleDOI
GATA-3 Directly Remodels the IL-10 Locus Independently of IL-4 in CD4+ T Cells
TL;DR: It is shown that ectopic expression of GATA-3 in naive primary CD4+ T cells enhanced expression of IL-10 by these cells and a possible mechanism for this effect is uncovered and a key role of Gata-3 is suggested by switching and stabilizing the Il-10 locus into a transcriptionally competent status.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development and proliferation of lymphocytes in mice deficient for both interleukins-2 and -4
TL;DR: It is reported that in mice made deficient for both IL‐2 and IL‐4 by gene targeting all major T cell subsets and B cells were normal, indicating that IL‐ 2 and IL-4 are not essential for development of the immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The function role of GATA-3 in Th1 and Th2 differentiation
Meixia Zhou,Wenjun Ouyang +1 more
TL;DR: The recent study of the function of GATA-3 in Th1 and Th2 differentiation is reviewed, with a focus on the involvement in the remodeling of the chromatin structure and opening the IL-4 locus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Essential role of Id2 in negative regulation of IgE class switching
TL;DR: The results provide evidence for the inhibitory and selective role of Id2 in IgE CSR in response to TGF-β1 and suggest that Id2 might act as molecular safeguard to suppress IgECSR to prevent serious complications such as allergic hypersensitivity during the normal course of immune responses.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
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