Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Extract of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Stimulates Polyclonal Type-2 Immunoglobulin Response by Inducing De Novo Class Switch
TL;DR: Analysis of DNA from the spleens of mice treated with the extract by digestion-circularization PCR demonstrated a marked increase in the occurrence of γ1 switch region gene recombination in the cells in vivo, providing strong evidence that soluble worm products are able to mediate the marked polyclonal γ 1/ɛ response and that infection is not required to mediated this response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Searching for genes involved in the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency diseases: lessons from mouse knockouts.
Cristina M. Kokron,Francisco A. Bonilla,Hans C. Oettgen,Narayanaswamy Ramesh,Raif S. Geha,Franco Pandolfi +5 more
TL;DR: Gene targeting by homologous recombination is a pow-erful technique for the development of mouse strains with desired genetic alterations that enables thecharacterization of the in vivo functions of the targeted gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stimulatory function of gp49A, a murine Ig-like receptor, in rat basophilic leukemia cells.
TL;DR: It was strongly suggested that gp49A could be expressed as a homodimer and elicit activation signals that lead to calcium mobilization, eicosanoid production, and cytokine gene transcription through its incorporation into GEM.
Journal ArticleDOI
IL-4 Haploinsufficiency Specifically Impairs IgE Responses against Allergens in Mice.
Marcus J. Robinson,Marcus J. Robinson,Melanie Prout,Helen Mearns,Ryan Kyle,Mali Camberis,Elizabeth Forbes-Blom,William E. Paul,Christopher D.C. Allen,Graham Le Gros +9 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that a state of haploinsufficiency for the Il4 gene locus is specifically relevant for IL-4–dependent IgE responses to allergens with the amount ofIL-4 produced in the hemizygous condition falling close to the threshold required for switching to IgE production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure to bisphenol A enhanced lung eosinophilia in adult male mice
Miao He,Takamichi Ichinose,Seiichi Yoshida,Hirohisa Takano,Masataka Nishikawa,Takayuki Shibamoto,Guifan Sun +6 more
TL;DR: The exposure of BPA could synergize with an OVA challenge to aggravate the severity of lung eosinophilia in adult mice, possibly by promoting a Th2-biased immune response and the activation of macrophages and inflammatory cytokines released from these cells by B PA could be participating in this phenomenon.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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