Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Th1 to Th2 Cytokine Shifts in Nonobese Diabetic Mice: Sometimes an Outcome, Rather Than the Cause, of Diabetes Resistance Elicited by Immunostimulation
David V. Serreze,Harold D. Chapman,Cristina M. Post,Ellis A. Johnson,Wilma L. Suarez-Pinzon,Alex Rabinovitch +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that while Th1 and Th2 cytokine shifts may occur among β-cell autoreactive T cells of NOD mice protected from overt IDDM by various immunomodulatory therapies, it cannot automatically be assumed that this is the cause of their disease resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Igκ 3′ Enhancer Influences the Ratio of Igκ versus Igλ B Lymphocytes
James R Gorman,Nienke van der Stoep,Robert J. Monroe,Michel Cogné,Laurie Davidson,Laurie Davidson,Frederick W. Alt,Frederick W. Alt +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the 3′E κ is critical for establishing the normal κ/λ ratio, but is not absolutely essential for κ gene rearrangement or, surprisingly, fornormal κ expression in activated B cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of p100 as a coactivator for STAT6 that bridges STAT6 with RNA polymerase II
Jie Yang,Saara Aittomäki,Marko Pesu,Kara Carter,Jussi Saarinen,Nisse Kalkkinen,Elliott Kieff,Olli Silvennoinen +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified the staphylococcal nuclease (SN)−like domain and tudor domain containing protein p100 as a STAT6 TAD interacting protein and suggested that p100 functions as a bridging factor between STAT6 and the basal transcription machinery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of Plasma Cell Generation: IL-21 Takes Center Stage
Leen Moens,Stuart G. Tangye +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of in vitro studies that evaluated the role of different cytokines in inducing the differentiation of distinct B-cell subsets to the PC lineage is provided, with particular emphasis on IL-21, which has emerged as the most potent inducer of terminal B- cell differentiation in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
A signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat)4-independent pathway for the development of t helper type 1 cells
TL;DR: The results support a model of Th cell differentiation in which the generation of Th2 cells requires Stat6, whereas a Stat4-independent pathway exists for the development of Th1 cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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