Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Defective immunoglobulin class switching in Vav-deficient mice is attributable to compromised T cell help.
Adam Gulbranson-Judge,Victor L. J. Tybulewicz,Alice E. Walters,Kai-Michael Toellner,Ian C. M. MacLennan,Martin R Turner,Martin R Turner +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that defective immunoglobulin class switching in Vav‐deficient mice is attributable to compromised T cell help.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impaired contact hypersensitivity to trinitrochlorobenzene in interleukin‐4‐deficient mice
TL;DR: The role of endogenously produced interleukin‐4 in the contact hypersensitivity (CH) reaction to the haptene trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) is examined and it is suggested that IL‐4 acts as a proinflammatory mediator in CH, perhaps favouring the accumulation of mononuclear cells at the site of inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin A Prevents the Decline in Immunoglobulin A and Th2 Cytokine Levels in Small Intestinal Mucosa of Protein-Malnourished Mice
Takeshi Nikawa,Kenji Odahara,Hiroyuki Koizumi,Yasuhiro Kido,Shigetada Teshima,Kazuhito Rokutan,Kyoichi Kishi +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that large oral supplements of vitamin A may preserve mucosal IgA level during protein malnutrition, possibly by stimulating Th2 cytokine production and thereby, inducing resistance against infection.
Journal Article
IL-2Rβ/IL-7Rα Doubly Deficient Mice Recapitulate the Thymic and Intraepithelial Lymphocyte (IEL) Developmental Defects of γc−/− Mice: Roles for Both IL-2 and IL-15 in CD8αα IEL Development
Brian O. Porter,Thomas R. Malek +1 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that of the γc-dependent cytokines, only IL-7 and IL-15 contribute to the progression and production of thymic T cells, essential for IEL development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endogenous suppression of mast cell development and survival by IL-4 and IL-10
Kelly Speiran,Daniel P. Bailey,Josephine Fernando,Matthew Macey,Brian O. Barnstein,Motunrayo Kolawole,Dana Curley,Stephanie S. Watowich,Peter J. Murray,Carole A. Oskeritzian,John J. Ryan +10 more
TL;DR: The theory that IL‐4 and IL‐10 function as endogenous regulators of mast cell progenitor development, consistent with a role in immune homeostasis is supported.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
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TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
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