Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Natural IgE Production in the Absence of MHC Class II Cognate Help
Kathy D. McCoy,Nicola L. Harris,Philipp Diener,Sarah Hatak,Bernhard Odermatt,Lars Hangartner,Beatrice M. Senn,Benjamin J. Marsland,Markus B. Geuking,Hans Hengartner,Andrew J. Macpherson,Rolf M. Zinkernagel +11 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that spontaneously produced IgE in T cell-deficient and germ-free wild-type (wt) mice is composed of natural specificities and induced by a mechanism independent of MHC class II (MHC II) cognate help.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acetylcholine receptor epsilon-subunit deletion causes muscle weakness and atrophy in juvenile and adult mice.
Veit Witzemann,Holger Schwarz,Michael Koenen,Christoph Berberich,Alfredo Villarroel,Anton Wernig,Hans R. Brenner,Bert Sakmann +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that postnatal incorporation into the end plate of epsilon-subunit containing AChRs is essential for normal development of skeletal muscle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Induction of cell cycle regulatory proteins in anti-immunoglobulin-stimulated mature B lymphocytes.
TL;DR: Partial induction of D2 and D3 expression may explain IL-4's ability to promote B cell entry into G1 but not S phase of cell cycle, and furthermore, its ability to truncate G1 progression when B cells are subsequently stimulated with anti-Ig.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of Invasive Candidiasis in Gamma Interferon- and Interleukin-4-Deficient Mice: Role of Macrophages in Host Defense against Candida albicans
TL;DR: In vivo studies with KO mice elucidate a critical role for IFN-γ, but not IL-4, in host defense against C. albicans and characterize the tissue inflammatory reactions, with special reference to macrophages.
Book ChapterDOI
Cytokine memory of T helper lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The essential role of epigenetic modifications is suggested by the requirement of DNA synthesis for the establishment of a cytokine memory in Th lymphocytes, and GATA-3 for Th2 and T-bet for Th1 cells expressing interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma, respectively, are prime candidates for key transcription factors of cytokin memory.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
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