Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
CD40-mediated regulation of interleukin-4 signaling pathways in B lymphocytes.
TL;DR: It is found that CD40‐mediated signals cause a fivefold up‐regulation of IL‐4 receptor (IL‐4R) on the B cell surface and that this is associated with a 100–1000‐fold increase in the cells' responsiveness to the cytokine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of angiotensin on the expression of fibrosis-associated cytokines, growth factors, and matrix proteins in human lung fibroblasts.
Makoto Okada,K Suzuki,M Matsumoto,K Takada,T Nakanishi,H Horikoshi,T Higuchi,Y Hosono,M Nakayama,Fumitaka Ohsuzu +9 more
TL;DR: The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of Ang II on the expression of cytokines, growth factors or matrix proteins in normal human lung fibroblasts, and the inhibitory effects of an Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, candesartan.
Journal Article
Polymorphism in the Iα1 Germ-Line Transcript Regulatory Region and IgA Productivity in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Naohiro Yano,Kumiko Asakura,Masayuki Endoh,Yoshifumi Abe,Yasuo Nomoto,Hideto Sakai,Kiyoshi Kurokawa,Hideo Tsukamoto +7 more
TL;DR: The polymorphism in the Iα 1 regulatory region possibly causes enhanced IgA production in some patients with IgAN, and this data indicates that the germ-line transcript of Ig constant region (C H ) genes that precedes actual class switching has regulatory effects on class switch recombination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Allergen challenge induces Ifng dependent GTPases in the lungs as part of a Th1 transcriptome response in a murine model of allergic asthma.
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that allergen challenge induces two sets of Th1-associated genes in the lungs: 1) Ifng-dependent genes such as p47 and p65 GTPases, Socs1,Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and 2) Ifang-independent Th1 -inducing genes like Gadd45g.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-10 is an unequivocal Th2 parameter in the rat, whereas interleukin-4 is not.
TL;DR: Exposure of Wistar rats to the immunotoxic compounds hexachlorobenzene, bis(tri‐n‐butyltin)oxide, and benzo(a)pyrene was previously found to affect mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐2R α‐chain, and interferon (IFN)‐γ, the prototypic Th1 cytokine, while IL‐4, the prototypeic Th2 cytokine was unaffected
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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