Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics of Rapid and Extreme Size Evolution in Island Mice
Melissa M. Gray,Michelle D. Parmenter,Caley A Hogan,Irene N Ford,Richard J. Cuthbert,Peter G. Ryan,Karl W. Broman,Bret A. Payseur +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that body size evolution on islands can be genetically complex, even when substantial size changes occur rapidly, and the power of genetically characterizing the entire growth trajectory in wild populations is underscore.
Journal ArticleDOI
Honeybee venom secretory phospholipase A2 induces leukotriene production but not histamine release from human basophils.
TL;DR: It is found that physiological concentrations of HBV‐sPLA2 induce rapid leukotriene C4 production from purified human basophils within 5 min, while interleukin (IL)‐4 expression and production was induced at later time‐points, and results indicate that HBV'SPLA2 can directly activate human basophile in vitro to induce leukOTriene production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Therapeutic Targeting of the Interleukin-4/Interleukin-13 Signaling Pathway: In Allergy and Beyond.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the established knowledge that has accumulated regarding the roles of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in allergic diseases, with an emphasis on asthma, atopic dermatitis and eosinophilic esophagitis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation.
TL;DR: A greater understanding of the regulation of IgE expression may be central to the development of more effective immunotherapy strategies designed to attenuate IgE synthesis.
Journal Article
Genetic evidence for Lyn as a negative regulator of IL-4 signaling.
Michelle L. Janas,Philip D. Hodgkin,Philip D. Hodgkin,Margaret L. Hibbs,David M. Tarlinton,David M. Tarlinton +5 more
TL;DR: A critical role for the tyrosine kinase Lyn is described in setting IL-4 signaling thresholds in mouse B lymphocytes and insights into its regulation and how a B cell signaling imbalance may contribute to atopy are provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
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Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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