Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Spermatogenesis in mice is not affected by histone H1.1 deficiency.
TL;DR: The linker histone subtype H1.1 belongs to the group of main-type histones and is synthesized in somatic tissues as well as in germ cells during the S phase of the cell cycle and is expressed mainly in thymus, spleen, and testis in adult mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting IgE production in mice and humans.
Lawren C. Wu,Heleen Scheerens +1 more
TL;DR: Clinical studies indicate that, similar to mice, a proportion of IgE in humans is derived from ongoing IgE immune responses and short-lived plasma cells, which may lead to new therapies for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Generation of a mouse strain that produces immunoglobulin kappa chains with human constant regions
TL;DR: This technology provides a feasible option for the generation of high-affinity humanized antibodies by means of the powerful somatic hypermutation-selection mechanism.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of dose, gender, and non-H-2 genes in murine mercury-induced autoimmunity.
Per Hultman,J.B Nielsen +1 more
TL;DR: The substantially lower whole body and organ mercury level needed to induce AFA in the A.SW strain, demonstrates that genetic factors outside the H-2 region, and not related to toxicokinetics, modifies the autoimmune response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diminished contact hypersensitivity response in IL-4 deficient mice at a late phase of the elicitation reaction.
Benno Weigmann,Jens Schwing,H. Huber,Ralf Ross,H. Mossmann,Jürgen Knop,Angelika B. Reske-Kunz +6 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that the effector stage of the CHS response can be subdivided into two phases, with the first phase proceeds efficiently in IL‐4 deficient mice indicating the dependence on Th1/Tc1 cells, while the second phase does not develop in mice lacking IL‐ 4, suggesting the possibility that Th2/T c2 cells intensify the reaction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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