Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Processing of Switch Transcripts Is Required for Targeting of Antibody Class Switch Recombination
Katharina Hein,Matthias Lorenz,Gregor Siebenkotten,Katja Petry,Rainer Christine,Andreas Radbruch +5 more
TL;DR: The data unequivocally demonstrate that targeting of switch recombination to IgG1 in vivo requires processing of the Iγ1 switch transcripts, which indicates that either the processing machinery or the processed transcripts are involved in class switch recombinations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The immune response to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria in interleukin-4-deficient mice.
TL;DR: IL‐4‐deficient mice were able to control and clear a primary infection, although recrudescent parasitemias were significantly higher in these mice compared with wild‐type littermates, demonstrating that IL‐4 per se is not required for parasite elimination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Th2-mediated host protective immunity to intestinal nematode infections.
TL;DR: It is apparent that a number of potential Th2-controlled effector mechanisms (some of which may be particularly important at mucosal surfaces) remain to be explored and it is likely that worm expulsion is the result of a combination of multiple mechanisms, some of which are more critical to some species of parasite than to others.
Journal Article
An Antagonistic IL-4 Mutant Prevents Type I Allergy in the Mouse: Inhibition of the IL-4/IL-13 Receptor System Completely Abrogates Humoral Immune Response to Allergen and Development of Allergic Symptoms In Vivo
Susanne M. Grunewald,A Werthmann,B. Schnarr,C E Klein,Eva-B. Bröcker,Markus Mohrs,Frank Brombacher,Walter Sebald,Albert Duschl +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that QY inhibits Ag-specific humoral immune responses and allergic symptoms mediated either by IgE or IgG1, which should be advantageous for therapy of atopic disorders and other Th2-dominated diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
A regulatory effect of IL-21 on T follicular helper-like cell and B cell in rheumatoid arthritis
Rui Liu,Qian Wu,Dinglei Su,Nan Che,Haifeng Chen,Linyu Geng,Jinyun Chen,Wanjun Chen,Xia Li,Xia Li,Lingyun Sun +10 more
TL;DR: Increased serum IL-21 levels in RA patients correlate with DAS28, anti-CCP antibody and frequencies of Tfh-like cells, indicating IL- 21 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and antagonizing IL-20 could be a novel strategy for the therapy of RA.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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