Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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New insights into the role of cytokines in asthma
TL;DR: Both experimental and genetic studies point to TH2 cytokines, such as IL-4,IL-13, IL-5, and IL-9, as important targets for therapeutic applications in patients with asthma, and chemokines play a major role in recruiting the mediators of asthmatic inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Jaks, STATs, Cytokine Signal Transduction, and Immunoregulation: Are We There Yet?
TL;DR: Now that a variety of knockout mice have been generated, these mice will provide excellent vehicles for reconstitution studies with mutated version of Jaks and STATs to elucidate structure–function relationships as they relate to the organism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid tissues in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice.
Alimzhanov Mb,Dmitry V. Kuprash,Marie H. Kosco-Vilbois,Arne Luz,Regina L. Turetskaya,Alexander Tarakhovsky,Klaus Rajewsky,Sergei A. Nedospasov,Klaus Pfeffer +8 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that LTalpha can signal independently from LTbeta in the formation of PNA-positive foci in the spleen, and especially in the development of mesenteric and cervical LN.
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Control of Interneuron Fate in the Developing Spinal Cord by the Progenitor Homeodomain Protein Dbx1
Alessandra Pierani,L. Moran-Rivard,Mary Jean Sunshine,Dan R. Littman,Martyn Goulding,Thomas M. Jessell +5 more
TL;DR: A single progenitor homeodomain transcription factor coordinates many of the differentiated properties of one class of interneurons generated in the ventral spinal cord.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and immunodeficiency diseases: critical roles of the gamma(c)-dependent cytokines interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, and 21, and their signaling pathways.
TL;DR: This review focuses primarily on severe combined Immunodeficiency diseases as the most severe forms of primary immunodeficiencies, reviewing the different genetic causes of these diseases.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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