Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice.
TLDR
Some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE are strongly reduced.Abstract:
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Increased interleukin 4 and immunoglobulin E production in transgenic mice overexpressing NK1 T cells.
TL;DR: It is shown that transgenic expression of an invariant TCR alpha chain during thymic development is sufficient information to bias the differentiation of mainstream thymocytes towards the NK1 developmental pathway and has drastic consequences for the selection of the V beta repertoire.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic dissection of the cellular pathways and signaling mechanisms in modeled tumor necrosis factor-induced Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease.
Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis,George Boulougouris,Menelaos Manoloukos,Maria Armaka,Maria Apostolaki,Theresa T. Pizarro,Alexey Kotlyarov,Irmgard Förster,Richard A. Flavell,Matthias Gaestel,Philip N. Tsichlis,Fabio Cominelli,George Kollias +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that development of intestinal pathology in this model depends on Th1-like cytokines such as interleukin 12 and interferon γ and requires the function of CD8+ T lymphocytes and the existence of redundant cellular pathways operating downstream of TNF in inflammatory bowel disease is established.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coronary Hemodynamics in Endothelial NO Synthase Knockout Mice
Axel Gödecke,Ulrich K. M. Decking,Zhaoping Ding,Jens Hirchenhain,Hans-Jürgen Bidmon,Stefanie Gödecke,Jürgen Schrader +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that acute inhibition of eNOS reveals a role for NO in setting the basal coronary vascular tone as well as participation in reactive hyperemia and the response to ACh, and chronic inhibition of NO formation in eNos-/- mutant mice induces no changes in basal coronary flow and reactiveyperemia, suggesting the activation of important compensatory mechanisms.
Journal Article
A novel role for TGF-beta and IL-10 in the induction of immune privilege.
TL;DR: TGF-beta predisposes ocular APC to secrete IL-10 during Ag processing, which directs the immune response away from a Th1 pathway and toward a Th2-like response in which DTH is suppressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship of IL-4- and IFNγ-producing T cells studied by lineage ablation of IL-4-producing cells
Yumiko Kamogawa,Lori-ann E. Minasi,Simon R. Carding,Kim Bottomly,Kim Bottomly,Richard A. Flavell,Richard A. Flavell +6 more
TL;DR: Results show that effector cells producing either IL-4 or IFN gamma have a common precursor, which expresses the IL-3 gene, and this results show that naive T cells and effector Th1- and Th2-type cells are separated by lineage.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more
TL;DR: Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Kirk R. Thomas,Mario R. Capecchi +1 more
TL;DR: This work mutated, by gene targeting, the endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene in mouse embryo-derived stem (ES) cells and compared the gene-targeting efficiencies of two classes of neor-Hprt recombinant vectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altering the genome by homologous recombination.
TL;DR: The current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome is discussed, and the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Rachel Williams,D J Hilton,S Pease,Tracy A. Willson,Colin L. Stewart,David P. Gearing,Erwin F. Wagner,D. Metcalf,Nicos A. Nicola,Nicholas M. Gough +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a recombinant myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to replace DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.
TL;DR: This paper used hybridoma monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with rat cells to study rat cell-surface antigens present on subpopulations of rat lymphocytes.
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