Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus domination of intestinal microbiota is enabled by antibiotic treatment in mice and precedes bloodstream invasion in humans
Carles Ubeda,Ying Taur,Robert R. Jenq,Michele Equinda,Tammy Son,Miriam Samstein,Agnes Viale,Nicholas D. Socci,Marcel R.M. van den Brink,Mini Kamboj,Eric G. Pamer +10 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that antibiotics perturb the normal commensal microbiota and set the stage for intestinal domination by bacteria associated with hospital-acquired infections, and high-throughput DNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiota could identify patients at high risk of developing bacterial sepsis.Abstract:
Bloodstream infection by highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), is a growing clinical problem that increasingly defies medical intervention. Identifying patients at high risk for bacterial sepsis remains an important clinical challenge. Recent studies have shown that antibiotics can alter microbial diversity in the intestine. Here, we characterized these effects using 16s rDNA pyrosequencing and demonstrated that antibiotic treatment of mice enabled exogenously administered VRE to efficiently and nearly completely displace the normal microbiota of the small and large intestine. In the clinical setting, we found that intestinal domination by VRE preceded bloodstream infection in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our results demonstrate that antibiotics perturb the normal commensal microbiota and set the stage for intestinal domination by bacteria associated with hospital-acquired infections. Thus, high-throughput DNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiota could identify patients at high risk of developing bacterial sepsis.read more
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The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis
Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
TL;DR: This study determined that short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota–derived bacterial fermentation products, regulate the size and function of the colonic Treg pool and protect against colitis in a Ffar2-dependent manner in mice, revealing that a class of abundant microbial metabolites underlies adaptive immune microbiota coadaptation and promotes colonic homeostasis and health.
Journal Article
Fast Tree: Computing Large Minimum-Evolution Trees with Profiles instead of a Distance Matrix
TL;DR: FastTree as mentioned in this paper uses sequence profiles of internal nodes in the tree to implement neighbor-joining and uses heuristics to quickly identify candidate joins, then uses nearest-neighbor interchanges to reduce the length of the tree.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tryptophan Catabolites from Microbiota Engage Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Balance Mucosal Reactivity via Interleukin-22
Teresa Zelante,Rossana G. Iannitti,Cristina Cunha,Antonella De Luca,Gloria Giovannini,Giuseppe Pieraccini,Riccardo Zecchi,Carmen D'Angelo,Cristina Massi-Benedetti,Francesca Fallarino,Agostinho Carvalho,Paolo Puccetti,Luigina Romani +12 more
TL;DR: A metabolic pathway whereby Trp metabolites from the microbiota balance mucosal reactivity in mice is described, whereby highly adaptive lactobacilli are expanded and produce an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-indole-3-aldehyde-that contributes to AhR-dependent Il22 transcription.
Journal ArticleDOI
The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide
Sophie Viaud,Sophie Viaud,Fabiana Saccheri,Grégoire Mignot,Takahiro Yamazaki,Romain Daillère,Romain Daillère,Dalil Hannani,David Enot,David Enot,Christina Pfirschke,Camilla Engblom,Mikael J. Pittet,Andreas Schlitzer,Florent Ginhoux,Lionel Apetoh,Elisabeth Chachaty,Paul Louis Woerther,Gérard Eberl,Marion Bérard,Chantal Ecobichon,Chantal Ecobichon,Dominique Clermont,Chantal Bizet,Valérie Gaboriau-Routhiau,Valérie Gaboriau-Routhiau,Nadine Cerf-Bensussan,Nadine Cerf-Bensussan,Paule Opolon,Nadia Yessaad,Eric Vivier,Bernhard Ryffel,Charles O. Elson,Joël Doré,Joël Doré,Guido Kroemer,Patricia Lepage,Patricia Lepage,Ivo G. Boneca,Ivo G. Boneca,François Ghiringhelli,François Ghiringhelli,Laurence Zitvogel,Laurence Zitvogel,Laurence Zitvogel +44 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cyclophosphamide alters the composition of microbiota in the small intestine and induces the translocation of selected species of Gram-positive bacteria into secondary lymphoid organs, which suggests that the gut microbiota help shape the anticancer immune response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis
Jose U. Scher,Andrew Sczesnak,Andrew Sczesnak,Randy S. Longman,Randy S. Longman,Nicola Segata,Nicola Segata,Carles Ubeda,Carles Ubeda,Craig M. Bielski,Tim Rostron,Vincenzo Cerundolo,Eric G. Pamer,Steven B. Abramson,Curtis Huttenhower,Dan R. Littman +15 more
TL;DR: The presence of Prevotella copri is identified as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients and uniquePrevotella genes that correlate with disease are identified.
References
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