Bethlehem Steel

About: Bethlehem Steel is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coating & Corrosion. The organization has 1529 authors who have published 1559 publications receiving 19098 citations. The organization is also known as: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Effect of aluminum nitride formation on the recrystallization of Fe-0.06 pct Al single crystals

Abstract: Single crystals of Fe-0.06 pct Al containing i) less than 0.001 pct N and, ii) 0.008 pct N were cold-rolled 70 pct and annealed under simulated box-annealing conditions. Crystals having (111) [άrc211] and (001) [110] stable-end orientations after rolling were investigated. Optical and electron microscopy, both replication and thin-foil techniques, and X-ray transmission experiments were used to follow recrystallization behavior, aluminum nitride precipitation behavior, and texture development during annealing. In the (111) [άrc211] Fe-0.06 pct Al crystals the presence of nitrogen had no obvious effect on the recovered structure but did retard the start of recrystallization. Once recrystallization started, however, it proceeded at least as rapidly in the nitrogen-containing crystals as in the nitrogen-free crystals. Recrystallization was complete in these crystals before the detection of A1N precipitates by electron microscopy. The recrystallization texture of both the nitrogen-free and nitrogen-doped crystals was predominantly (110) [001], the normal recrystallization for crystals having a (111) [211] as-rolled orientation. The (001) [110] crystals did not recrystallize during annealing. In these crystals, however, the presence of nitrogen had a marked effect on recovery characteristics. Low-angle boundary cell formation was retarded to much higher temperatures and occurred only after the aluminum nitride precipitate, which formed at temperatures in excess of 1100°F, had begun to coarsen. The implication of these single-crystal results for texture development in box-annealed aluminum-killed sheet steels is discussed. It is proposed that in aluminum-killed steels the first components to recrystallize, the (lll)-oriented grains, grow at an “uninhibited” rate during their last stage of recrystallization (new grain growth), whereas, in as-rolled grains of other orientations recovery and new grain nucleation proceed at a retarded rate. This results in a larger volume of (lll)-oriented grains in box-annealed aluminum-killed steel as compared with other sheet grades not containing aluminum.

Method for retaining slag during the discharge of molten metal from a vessel

Abstract: A method for retaining slag in a ladle or similar vessel containing molten metal such as used in the steel industry. Lumps of a highly refractory material having a density between the density of the molten metal and the density of the slag are added to the vessel. As the molten metal is drained from the vessel, the lumps agglomerate around the drain orifice and block the discharge of the slag from the vessel.