Bethlehem Steel

About: Bethlehem Steel is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coating & Corrosion. The organization has 1529 authors who have published 1559 publications receiving 19098 citations. The organization is also known as: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Zinc-iron phases formed on galvannealed steel

Abstract: Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used to identify the zinc-iron intermetallic phases present in the coating of three galvannealed steels, two of which were produced on commercial galvanizing lines and one in the laboratory. Both CEMS and XMS have been used in order to determine the depth dependence of each phase. Three main zinc-iron phases have been identified with the proportion of each dependent on the preparation conditions. In the commercially produced coatings, CEMS, probing near the top of the coating, indicates that the zinc rich χ-FeZn13 and δ-FeZn10 alloys are present. XMS indicates the presence of some Π-Fe3Zn10 closer to the steel. In contrast, the laboratory produced sample contains nearly pure χ-FeZn13 through the entire coating thickness. Subphases of the delta and gamma alloys were also identified. These subphases appear to be mixed with a preference for the higher zinc subphase of each to form closer to the surface of the coating.

Powder metal mix containing carbonaceous binder and green compacts made therefrom

Abstract: Iron and/or copper powder metal mixes to which about 0.5 percent to about 12 percent coal tar pitch is added can be cold-pressed into green compacts having improved green strength. The green compacts can be sintered and repressed into iron and/or copper powder metal compacts which can contain residual carbon. Iron and/or copper powder metal compacts which contain uncombined carbon and/or combined carbon can be used as wear members and friction lining material in braking devices. The amount of residual carbon in the iron and/or copper powder metal compacts can be increased by substituting graphite or carbon black for a portion of the coal tar pitch added to the iron and/or copper powder metal mixes.

A Practical Approach for Determining Rectangular Stock Sizes

Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of determining what rectangular sizes should be stocked in order to satisfy a bill of materials composed of smaller rectangles. As is common in many manufacturing operations, the stock material will be cut using two-staged guillotine cutting patterns. We first generate a large number of stock sizes ideally suited to the bill of materials. Then we use a facility location algorithm to consolidate the stock sizes down to an acceptable number. Given the solution of what rectangular sizes to stock, a second program is used to map bills of materials into the stock rectangles. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by generating stock sizes for a real-world bill of materials with 392 distinct order sizes and over 7700 order pieces.

The interfacial kinetics of the reaction of CO 2 with liquid nickel

Abstract: Measurements of the rate of dissociation of CO2 on liquid nickel have been made by the14CO2-CO isotope exchange technique between 1490 and 1670 °C at CO2/CO ratios between 0.01 and 7. Apparent first order rate constants are given by the expression:ka = (1 + 2pCO2/pCO)−1exp(−12700/T - 0.65) mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1. It is shown that the results are consistent with blockage of the surface by oxygen which exhibits ideal Langmuirian adsorption over the conditions of the experiments. The adsorption coefficient of oxygen with respect to the infinitely dilute solution with 1 wt pct as the standard state is deduced to be given by the equation: logK′o = 11880/T - 4.6. It is deduced that the interfacial rate of oxidation of nickel by CO2 is given by the rate of dissociative chemisorption of CO2. Measurements of the rate of decarburization of liquid nickel are reexamined in the light of the present results.