Bethlehem Steel

About: Bethlehem Steel is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coating & Corrosion. The organization has 1529 authors who have published 1559 publications receiving 19098 citations. The organization is also known as: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

The effect of antimony, chloride ion, and glue on copper electrorefining

Abstract: A study has been made to determine the effect of antimony, chloride ion, and glue on copper electrorefining. All deposits were made at a temperature of 65° C on a titanium cathode. Current densities of 398 A m−2 and 133 A m−2 were used. The deposits were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine morphology and crystal orientation. Atomic absorption (AA) and Auger spectroscopy (AES) were used to study the chemical composition of the deposits and a simple bend test was used to determine structural integrity. It was found that when the antimony concentration in the electrolyte exceeded 300 ppm, brittle deposits were produced containing considerable amounts of antimony. Very small amounts of chloride ion (1.5 ppm or above) decreased the codeposition of antimony greatly and produced ductile deposits. However, at a chloride ion level of 15 ppm or above, the back side of the deposit had a very rough, powdery appearance. The effect of glue was to counteract this and to produce a mirror-like finish on the deposit back.

Ultrasonic inspection system

Abstract: Multi-channel automatic on-line ultrasonic inspection system for real time high-speed pulse echo testing is done across the width of a hot moving workpiece, such as steel plates and the like. In addition to a multiplexed transducer array search unit, the system includes an adjustable ultrasound fluid couplant, a main ultrasonic instrument modified with a digital multi-channel R.F. attenuation controller and a digital automatic flaw gate controller combined as on-line calibration means. The calibration means automatically corrects echo pulses for attenuation errors due to effects of variations in workpiece alloy or composition and temperature, and timing errors due to effects of variations in thickness and transducer gap, respectively. System further includes an ultrasonic data buffer/controller (UDBC) for digitizing, encoding and storing corrected or uncorrected flaw area data passed by the flaw gate during workpiece movement. The UDBC, together with a process control minicomputer, a display terminal and printer, provides computer-aided flaw area detection and reconstruction with printouts of an encoded flaw map and an A.S.T.M. flaw evaluation.