Bethlehem Steel

About: Bethlehem Steel is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coating & Corrosion. The organization has 1529 authors who have published 1559 publications receiving 19098 citations. The organization is also known as: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Contact thermocouple assembly

Abstract: A thermocouple, for measuring the temperature of flat strip moving horizontally through a furnace, extends vertically into the furnace and can move vertically within a fixed guide assembly. The ceramic insulated thermocouple element, inside an outer thermocouple member, can move within the outer thermocouple member, in response to the urging of a spring, and has a contact pad composed of a metal with a melting point such that a layer of molten metal forms on the contact pad from frictional heat from the moving strip. In a second embodiment, for measuring vertically moving strip, with the thermocouple assembly horizontally positioned, the thermocouple assembly includes a second spring to urge the thermocouple assembly horizontally into the furnace against the moving strip.

Evaluating the effect of residual stresses on notched fatigue resistance

Abstract: Many current fatigue design criteria for structural details present allowable stress ranges for specified design lives but neglect mean and residual stresses. The paper reviews published test results and shows that residual stresses and concomitant mean stresses can have a significant influence on fatigue resistance in certain cases. The beneficial effects of compressive residual stresses due to shot-peening are well-known. For example, shot-peening of non-load-carrying fillet-welded carbon steel and butt-welded constructional alloy steel has increased the fatigue strengths at two million cycles by 20 to 40 percent. Also, the fatigue resistance of weldments can be influenced significantly by the presence of residual stresses, provided the stress ratio is equal to or less than zero and the lives are greater than one million cycles. The fatigue strength of transverse butt welds with reinforcement intact at two million cycles has been increased by 12 percent and 24 to 33 percent for stress ratios of, respectively, 0 and - 1 through thermal stress relief. Such improvement has also been shown for longitudinal non-load-carrying fillet welds (for example, attachments, gussets, etc.) where the increases in fatigue strength at two million cycles due to thermal stress relief for stress ratios of 0, - 1, and -4 were, respectively, 15, 57, and 168 percent. The paper presents an extension of the local-strain fatigue life initiation model to accommodate residual and mean stresses. The model is based upon the stress-strain function of Smith, Watson, and Topper and includes iterative solutions for K σ and 2N f . Changes in residual stresses due to cyclic loading and fatigue lives of notches at nonzero mean stresses are predicted and compared with experimental results. Also, further extensions of the model to accommodate plane strain-that is, thickness effects-and surface roughness are discussed.

Offshore storage unit

Abstract: 904,126 Submerged tanks BETHLEHEM STEEL CO Oct 19, 1960 [Oct 23, 1959], No 35816/60 Class 68 (2) A marine oil storage apparatus comprises a hull 1 which may be submerged on to the sea bed and which is divided into a number of separate compartments, eg 7, 10, 11, 12 Four columns 13 are secured to the hull, one at each corner, which extend above the surface of the surrounding water Oil is received in the tank battery 19 and may be passed to the compartments 7, 10, 11, 12 to displace the water already in the compartments up to the receiver 42 to overflow into the surrounding water Oil from storage may be passed to a tanker directly from the tanks 19 or it may be displaced from the submerged compartments into the lines 43, 44, 49, 50 by pumping water into the receiver 42 so that it passes to the compartment through lines 63 to 68 The apparatus may be refloated by using compressed air