Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 2019"
University of Saskatchewan1, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science2, Natural History Museum3, University of Rhode Island4, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic5, Sewanee: The University of the South6, National Institutes of Health7, Saint Petersburg State University8, University of Salzburg9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, Mississippi State University11, Science for Life Laboratory12, Uppsala University13, Charles University in Prague14, Spanish National Research Council15, University of Duisburg-Essen16, Kaiserslautern University of Technology17, University of Oslo18, Dalhousie University19, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University20, American Museum of Natural History21, University of Michigan22, University of Warsaw23, University of São Paulo24, University of Paris25, University of Guelph26, University of British Columbia27, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh28, Kyungpook National University29, University of Geneva30, University of Alabama31, Pompeu Fabra University32, Edinburgh Napier University33, University of Arkansas34, Hosei University35, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater36, Chinese Academy of Sciences37
TL;DR: It is confirmed that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Excavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista, and suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade are provided.
Abstract: This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [J. Euk. Microbiol. 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many ...
750 citations
Daniel Taliun1, Daniel N. Harris2, Michael D. Kessler2, Jedidiah Carlson1 +191 more•Institutions (61)
TL;DR: The nearly complete catalog of genetic variation in TOPMed studies provides unique opportunities for exploring the contributions of rare and non-coding sequence variants to phenotypic variation as well as resources and early insights from the sequence data.
Abstract: Summary paragraph The Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program seeks to elucidate the genetic architecture and disease biology of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders, with the ultimate goal of improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The initial phases of the program focus on whole genome sequencing of individuals with rich phenotypic data and diverse backgrounds. Here, we describe TOPMed goals and design as well as resources and early insights from the sequence data. The resources include a variant browser, a genotype imputation panel, and sharing of genomic and phenotypic data via dbGaP. In 53,581 TOPMed samples, >400 million single-nucleotide and insertion/deletion variants were detected by alignment with the reference genome. Additional novel variants are detectable through assembly of unmapped reads and customized analysis in highly variable loci. Among the >400 million variants detected, 97% have frequency
662 citations
TL;DR: Significant increases in use of THA and TKA are expected in the United States in the future, if the current trend continues and a policy change may be needed to meet increased demand.
Abstract: Objective To project future total hip and knee joint arthroplasty (THA, TKA) use in the United States to 2040. Methods We used the 2000–2014 US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) combined with Census Bureau data to develop projections for primary THA and TKA from 2020 to 2040 using polynomial regression to account for the nonlinearity and interactions between the variables, assuming the underlying distribution of the number of THA/TKA to be Poisson distributed. We performed sensitivity analyses using a negative binomial regression to account for overdispersion. Results Predicted total annual counts (95% prediction intervals) for THA in the United States by 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2040 are (in thousands): 498 (475, 523), 652 (610, 696), 850 (781, 925), and 1429 (1265, 1615), respectively. For primary TKA, predicted total annual counts for 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2040 are (in thousands): 1065 (937, 1211), 1272 (1200, 1710), 1921 (1530, 2410), and 3416 (2459, 4745), respectively. Compared to the available 2014 NIS numbers, the percent increases in projected total annual US use for primary THA and TKA in 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2040 are as follows: primary THA, by 34%, 75%, 129%, and 284%; and primary TKA, 56%, 110%, 182%, and 401%, respectively. Primary THA and TKA use is projected to increase for both females and males, in all age groups. Conclusion Significant increases in use of THA and TKA are expected in the United States in the future, if the current trend continues. The increased use is evident across age groups in both females and males. A policy change may be needed to meet increased demand.
497 citations
TL;DR: The ibrutinib-rituximab regimen resulted in progression-free survival and overall survival that were superior to those with a standard chemoimmunotherapy regimen among patients 70 years of age or younger with previously untreated CLL.
Abstract: Background Data regarding the efficacy of treatment with ibrutinib–rituximab, as compared with standard chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, in patients wi...
470 citations
TL;DR: Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented and constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.
Abstract: Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The analysis uses the LHC proton–proton collision data set recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $ , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 ${\,\text {fb}^{-1}} $ . The combination is based on analyses targeting the five main Higgs boson production mechanisms (gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a $\mathrm {W}$ or $\mathrm {Z}$ boson, or a top quark-antiquark pair) and the following decay modes: $\mathrm {H} \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $ , $\mathrm {Z}\mathrm {Z}$ , $\mathrm {W}\mathrm {W}$ , $\mathrm {\tau }\mathrm {\tau }$ , $\mathrm {b} \mathrm {b} $ , and $\mathrm {\mu }\mathrm {\mu }$ . Searches for invisible Higgs boson decays are also considered. The best-fit ratio of the signal yield to the standard model expectation is measured to be $\mu =1.17\pm 0.10$ , assuming a Higgs boson mass of $125.09\,\text {Ge}\text {V} $ . Additional results are given for various assumptions on the scaling behavior of the production and decay modes, including generic parametrizations based on ratios of cross sections and branching fractions or couplings. The results are compatible with the standard model predictions in all parametrizations considered. In addition, constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.
451 citations
TL;DR: A near-complete chromosome-scale assembly for cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is reported and the origin and evolutionary processes that shaped this complex allopolyploid are uncovered, providing a useful resource for genome-wide analyses and molecular breeding.
Abstract: Cultivated strawberry emerged from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, both descendants from the merger of four diploid progenitor species into a single nucleus more than 1 million years ago. Here we report a near-complete chromosome-scale assembly for cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and uncovered the origin and evolutionary processes that shaped this complex allopolyploid. We identified the extant relatives of each diploid progenitor species and provide support for the North American origin of octoploid strawberry. We examined the dynamics among the four subgenomes in octoploid strawberry and uncovered the presence of a single dominant subgenome with significantly greater gene content, gene expression abundance, and biased exchanges between homoeologous chromosomes, as compared with the other subgenomes. Pathway analysis showed that certain metabolomic and disease-resistance traits are largely controlled by the dominant subgenome. These findings and the reference genome should serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and enable molecular breeding in strawberry.
391 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson via vector boson fusion is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb(-1).
347 citations
TL;DR: In this article, different nanocomposite membrane fabrication and modification techniques for mixed matrix membranes and thin film membranes for both pressure driven and non-pressure driven membranes using different types of nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and polymers are discussed.
321 citations
TL;DR: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) as discussed by the authors released data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS-IV across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July).
Abstract: Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July–2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA—we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020–2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.
305 citations
Janssen Pharmaceutica1, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center2, University of Pennsylvania3, Rush University Medical Center4, University of Connecticut5, University of Siena6, Gdańsk Medical University7, Semmelweis University8, University of Ottawa9, University of Alabama10, University of Navarra11
TL;DR: Continuation of esketamine nasal spray in addition to oral antidepressant treatment resulted in clinically meaningful superiority in delaying relapse compared with antidepressant plus placebo in patients with TRD in stable remission.
Abstract: Importance Controlled studies have shown short-term efficacy of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but long-term effects remain to be established. Objective To assess the efficacy of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant compared with an oral antidepressant plus placebo nasal spray in delaying relapse of depressive symptoms in patients with TRD in stable remission after an induction and optimization course of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant. Design, Setting, and Participants In this phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study conducted from October 6, 2015, to February 15, 2018, at outpatient referral centers, 705 adults with prospectively confirmed TRD were enrolled; 455 entered the optimization phase and were treated with esketamine nasal spray (56 or 84 mg) plus an oral antidepressant. After 16 weeks of esketamine treatment, 297 who achieved stable remission or stable response entered the randomized withdrawal phase. Interventions Patients who achieved stable remission and those who achieved stable response (without remission) were randomized 1:1 to continue esketamine nasal spray or discontinue esketamine treatment and switch to placebo nasal spray, with oral antidepressant treatment continued in each group. Main Outcomes and Measures Time to relapse was examined in patients who achieved stable remission, as assessed using a weighted combination log-rank test. Results Among the 297 adults (mean age [SD], 46.3 [11.13] years; 197 [66.3%] female) who entered the randomized maintenance phase, 176 achieved stable remission; 24 (26.7%) in the esketamine and antidepressant group and 39 (45.3%) in the antidepressant and placebo group experienced relapse (log-rankP = .003, number needed to treat [NNT], 6). Among the 121 who achieved stable response, 16 (25.8%) in the esketamine and antidepressant group and 34 (57.6%) in the antidepressant and placebo group experienced relapse (log-rankP Conclusions and Relevance For patients with TRD who experienced remission or response after esketamine treatment, continuation of esketamine nasal spray in addition to oral antidepressant treatment resulted in clinically meaningful superiority in delaying relapse compared with antidepressant plus placebo. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02493868
284 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an out-of-sample Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network was used for predicting in ungauged basins, where the model was trained and tested on the CAMELS basins (approximately 30 years of daily rainfall/runoff data from 531 catchments in the US of sizes ranging from 4 km to 2,000 km).
Abstract: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks offer unprecedented accuracy for prediction in ungauged basins. We trained and tested an LSTM on the CAMELS basins (approximately 30 years of daily rainfall/runoff data from 531 catchments in the US of sizes ranging from 4 km² to 2,000 km²) using k-fold validation, so that predictions were made in basins that supplied no training data. This effectively `ungauged model was benchmarked over a 15-year validation period against the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model and also against the NOAA National Water Model reanalysis. SAC-SMA was calibrated separately for each basin using 15 years of daily data (i.e., this is a `gauged model). The out-of-sample LSTM had higher median Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiencies across the 531 basins (0.69) than either the calibrated SAC-SMA (0.64) or the National Water Model (0.58). We outline several future research directions that would help develop this technology into a comprehensive regional hydrology model.
TL;DR: This article puts DL in the context of data-driven approaches for motion classification and compares its performance with other approaches employing handcrafted features and discusses recent proposed enhancements of DL classification performance.
Abstract: Deep learning (DL) has shown tremendous promise in radar applications that involve target classification and imaging. In the field of indoor monitoring, researchers have shown an interest in DL for classifying daily human activities, detecting falls, and monitoring gait abnormalities. Driving this interest are emerging applications related to smart and secure homes, assisted living, and medical diagnosis. The success of DL in providing an accurate real-time accounting of observed humanmotion articulations fundamentally depends on the neural network structure, input data representation, and proper training. This article puts DL in the context of data-driven approaches for motion classification and compares its performance with other approaches employing handcrafted features. We discuss recent proposed enhancements of DL classification performance and report on important challenges and possible future research to realize its full potential.
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensors and the merits of highly stretchable polymeric matrix and excellent electrical conductivity of nanomaterials.
TL;DR: This paper proposes an adaption to the standard LSTM architecture, which it is called an Entity-Aware-L STM (EA-LSTM), that allows for learning catchment similarities as a feature layer in a deep learning model and shows that these learned caughtment similarities correspond well to what the authors would expect from prior hydrological understanding.
Abstract: . Regional rainfall–runoff modeling is an old but still mostly outstanding problem in the hydrological sciences. The problem currently is that traditional hydrological models degrade significantly in performance when calibrated for multiple basins together instead of for a single basin alone. In this paper, we propose a novel, data-driven approach using Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and demonstrate that under a “big data” paradigm, this is not necessarily the case. By training a single LSTM model on 531 basins from the CAMELS dataset using meteorological time series data and static catchment attributes, we were able to significantly improve performance compared to a set of several different hydrological benchmark models. Our proposed approach not only significantly outperforms hydrological models that were calibrated regionally, but also achieves better performance than hydrological models that were calibrated for each basin individually. Furthermore, we propose an adaption to the standard LSTM architecture, which we call
an Entity-Aware-LSTM (EA-LSTM), that allows for learning catchment similarities as a
feature layer in a deep learning model. We show that these learned catchment
similarities correspond well to what we would expect from prior hydrological
understanding.
Brigham and Women's Hospital1, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center2, University of Michigan3, New York University4, University of Ottawa5, University of Alabama6, Cleveland Clinic7, University of California, Los Angeles8, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics9, University of California, San Francisco10
TL;DR: The proposed update to the Bosniak classification aims to expand the number of cystic masses to which the Bosnian classification can be applied while improving its precision and accuracy for the likelihood of cancer in each class.
Abstract: Cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is almost certainly overdiagnosed and overtreated. Efforts to diagnose and treat RCC at a curable stage result in many benign neoplasms and indolent cancers being resected without clear benefit. This is especially true for cystic masses, which compared with solid masses are more likely to be benign and, when malignant, less aggressive. For more than 30 years, the Bosniak classification has been used to stratify the risk of malignancy in cystic renal masses. Although it is widely used and still effective, the classification does not formally incorporate masses identified at MRI or US or masses that are incompletely characterized but are highly likely to be benign, and it is affected by interreader variability and variable reported malignancy rates. The Bosniak classification system cannot fully differentiate aggressive from indolent cancers and results in many benign masses being resected. This proposed update to the Bosniak classification addresses some of these shortcomings. The primary modifications incorporate MRI, establish definitions for previously vague imaging terms, and enable a greater proportion of masses to enter lower-risk classes. Although the update will require validation, it aims to expand the number of cystic masses to which the Bosniak classification can be applied while improving its precision and accuracy for the likelihood of cancer in each class.
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to briefly address the state of the medical mistrust literature, and to provide a summary of the articles included in this special issue on medical mistrust.
Abstract: Mistrust of medical advances and the medical professions continues to persist, and is perhaps increasing. The popular press has documented the growing number of parents globally whose concerns arou...
TL;DR: The role of STATs in cancers and inflammation is reviewed while discussing current therapeutic implications in different cancers and test models, especially the delivery of STAT3/5 targeting siRNA using nanoparticulate delivery system.
Abstract: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway is connected upstream with Janus kinases (JAK) family protein and capable of integrating inputs from different signaling pathways. Each family member plays unique functions in signal transduction and crucial in mediating cellular responses to different kind of cytokines. STAT family members notably STAT3 and STAT5 have been involved in cancer progression whereas STAT1 plays opposite role by suppressing tumor growth. Persistent STAT3/5 activation is known to promote chronic inflammation, which increases susceptibility of healthy cells to carcinogenesis. Here, we review the role of STATs in cancers and inflammation while discussing current therapeutic implications in different cancers and test models, especially the delivery of STAT3/5 targeting siRNA using nanoparticulate delivery system.
Woods Hole Research Center1, University of Bayreuth2, University of Alaska Anchorage3, Brigham Young University4, San Diego State University5, University of Gothenburg6, California Institute of Technology7, Northern Arizona University8, Aarhus University9, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research10, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory11, University of Tromsø12, Stockholm University13, University of California, Irvine14, University of Montana15, Dalhousie University16, University of Copenhagen17, University of Alaska Fairbanks18, Max Planck Society19, University of California, San Diego20, Queen's University21, Université de Montréal22, McMaster University23, Los Alamos National Laboratory24, Argonne National Laboratory25, University of Hamburg26, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign27, Chinese Academy of Sciences28, Colgate University29, National University of Singapore30, Stanford University31, United States Geological Survey32, University of Exeter33, University of Alberta34, Lund University35, University of Oslo36, Goddard Space Flight Center37, Wilfrid Laurier University38, University of Waterloo39, St. Francis Xavier University40, University of Colorado Boulder41, University of Vienna42, Marine Biological Laboratory43, University of Alabama44, University of Eastern Finland45, University of Oulu46, University of Maryland, College Park47, Purdue University48, University of Sheffield49
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from Arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain.
Abstract: Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1–3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from Arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1,662 TgC per year from the permafrost region during the winter season (October–April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (−1,032 TgC per year). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions up to 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario—Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5—and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario—Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Our results provide a baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions. Winter warming in the Arctic will increase the CO2 flux from soils. A pan-Arctic analysis shows a current loss of 1,662 TgC per year over the winter, exceeding estimated carbon uptake in the growing season; projections suggest a 17% increase under RCP 4.5 and a 41% increase under RCP 8.5 by 2100.
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of the recent relevant literature and findings in primary definitions, models, numerical methods and their applications is provided, which can help the readers for the selection of appropriate definition, model and numerical method to solve specific physical and engineering problems.
Abstract: Abstract Variable-order (VO) fractional differential equations (FDEs) with a time (t), space (x) or other variables dependent order have been successfully applied to investigate time and/or space dependent dynamics. This study aims to provide a survey of the recent relevant literature and findings in primary definitions, models, numerical methods and their applications. This review first offers an overview over the existing definitions proposed from different physical and application backgrounds, and then reviews several widely used numerical schemes in simulation. Moreover, as a powerful mathematical tool, the VO-FDE models have been remarkably acknowledged as an alternative and precise approach in effectively describing real-world phenomena. Hereby, we also make a brief summary on different physical models and typical applications. This review is expected to help the readers for the selection of appropriate definition, model and numerical method to solve specific physical and engineering problems.
TL;DR: This critical interpretive synthesis examined research articles published between 2006 and 2016 that involved qualitative secondary data analysis and assessed the context, purpose, and methodologies that were reported.
Abstract: While secondary data analysis of quantitative data has become commonplace and encouraged across disciplines, the practice of secondary data analysis with qualitative data has met more criticism and concerns regarding potential methodological and ethical problems. Though commentary about qualitative secondary data analysis has increased, little is known about the current state of qualitative secondary data analysis or how researchers are conducting secondary data analysis with qualitative data. This critical interpretive synthesis examined research articles (n = 71) published between 2006 and 2016 that involved qualitative secondary data analysis and assessed the context, purpose, and methodologies that were reported. Implications of findings are discussed, with particular focus on recommended guidelines and best practices of conducting qualitative secondary data analysis.
University of Florida1, University of North Texas Health Science Center2, Nova Southeastern University3, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate4, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt5, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill6, University of North Texas7, Gadjah Mada University8, University of Bergen9, Tongji University10, Manhattan College11, Nagasaki University12, University of Alabama13, National Cheng Kung University14
TL;DR: The research herein presented hypothesizes that climate change associated with extreme rainfall and population distribution is contributing to a higher number of deadly landslides worldwide.
TL;DR: The first attempt to investigate animal relationships using genome-scale data from all phyla is presented, and matrix construction with an eye towards testing specific relationships is explored, showing that Lophotrochozoa can be constructed in strongly conflicting ways using different taxon- and/or orthologue sets.
Abstract: Proper biological interpretation of a phylogeny can sometimes hinge on the placement of key taxa—or fail when such key taxa are not sampled. In this light, we here present the first attempt to inve...
TL;DR: In this article, dual-doped graphene sheets (SiBCN/NSGs) were designed and synthesized by inserting pyrolyzed NSGs into the polymer derived SiBCN via ball ball ball milling technique and their feasibility to serve as lithium ion battery anode was tested.
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg1, Carleton University2, Duke University3, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign4, Kurchatov Institute5, University of South Dakota6, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory7, TRIUMF8, McGill University9, Colorado State University10, Laurentian University11, University of North Carolina at Wilmington12, Indiana University13, Stanford University14, Drexel University15, University of Massachusetts Amherst16, Technische Universität München17, University of Maryland, College Park18, University of Alabama19, Wright Laboratory20, Stony Brook University21, California Institute of Technology22, University of Bern23
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) was performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between 0νβ β and background events.
Abstract: A search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) in ^{136}Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between 0νββ and background events. Relative to previous analyses, the signal detection efficiency has been raised from 80.8% to 96.4±3.0%, and the energy resolution of the detector at the Q value of ^{136}Xe 0νββ has been improved from σ/E=1.23% to 1.15±0.02% with the upgraded detector. Accounting for the new data, the median 90% confidence level 0νββ half-life sensitivity for this analysis is 5.0×10^{25} yr with a total ^{136}Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr. No statistically significant evidence for 0νββ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the 0νββ half-life of 3.5×10^{25} yr at the 90% confidence level.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of missing transverse momentum (Tmiss) reconstruction algorithms for the CMS experiment is presented, using proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, collected at the CERN LHC in 2016.
Abstract: The performance of missing transverse momentum (Tmiss) reconstruction algorithms for the CMS experiment is presented, using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected at the CERN LHC in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. The results include measurements of the scale and resolution of Tmiss, and detailed studies of events identified with anomalous Tmiss. The performance is presented of a Tmiss reconstruction algorithm that mitigates the effects of multiple proton-proton interactions, using the "pileup per particle identification" method. The performance is shown of an algorithm used to estimate the compatibility of the reconstructed Tmiss with the hypothesis that it originates from resolution effects.
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize the state of the field on the efficacy and effectiveness of videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP) for the treatment of depression and finds it to be a promising method for delivering mental health services.
Abstract: Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world. Despite the prevalence of depression, a small proportion of individuals seek mental health services. A cost-effect...
Stanford University1, WestEd2, Michigan State University3, Monash University4, University of Potsdam5, University of Waikato6, University of Hong Kong7, University of Missouri8, Oregon State University9, Delft University of Technology10, University of Giessen11, University of the Witwatersrand12, University of Kiel13, Halmstad University14, North Carolina State University15, University of Alabama16, University of Toledo17, University of Melbourne18, University of Colorado Colorado Springs19
TL;DR: The Refined Consensus Model (RCM) as mentioned in this paper describes the complex layers of knowledge and experiences that shape and inform teachers' practice and mediate student outcomes in science education, which is used to situate the specialised professional knowledge held by different science educators in different settings ranging from the collected knowledge understood by many to the unique subset of knowledge an individual teacher draws upon.
Abstract: This chapter chronicles the developmental journey of a model for teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in science education, now identified as the Refined Consensus Model (RCM) of PCK, that represents the contributions and collective thinking of two dozen international researchers in science teacher education. This journey starts by recounting the process that led to an update and significant revisions to the model of teacher professional knowledge and skills including PCK (informally known as the 2012 Consensus Model (CM)). Then, we unpack and describe the different components of the model in both diagrammatic form and in explanatory text. The RCM describes the complex layers of knowledge and experiences that shape and inform teachers’ practice and mediate student outcomes. A key feature of this model is the identification of three distinct realms of PCK—collective PCK, personal PCK, and enacted PCK. These realms are used to situate the specialised professional knowledge held by different science educators in different settings ranging from the collected knowledge understood by many to the unique subset of knowledge an individual teacher draws upon. The model also recognises that the broader professional knowledge bases are foundational to teacher PCK while the learning context a teacher is working in can greatly influence the teaching and learning that takes place.
TL;DR: A systemic review of how indoor sensors influence in managing optimal energy saving, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and indoor air quality in the built environment is provided.
TL;DR: A search for Higgs boson pair production using the combined results from four final states: bbγγ, bbττ, bbbb, and bbVV, where V represents a W or Z boson, is performed using data collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment from LHC proton-proton collisions.
Abstract: This Letter describes a search for Higgs boson pair production using the combined results from four final states: bbγγ, bbττ, bbbb, and bbVV, where V represents a W or Z boson. The search is performed using data collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment from LHC proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. Limits are set on the Higgs boson pair production cross section. A 95% confidence level observed (expected) upper limit on the nonresonant production cross section is set at 22.2 (12.8) times the standard model value. A search for narrow resonances decaying to Higgs boson pairs is also performed in the mass range 250–3000 GeV. No evidence for a signal is observed, and upper limits are set on the resonance production cross section.
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources1, American University2, University of Paris3, Universidade Federal de Lavras4, University of Ljubljana5, University of Vienna6, Claude Bernard University Lyon 17, IRSA8, University of Alabama9, University of Copenhagen10, University College Dublin11, Northern Arizona University12
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the main threats to underground ecosystems and propose a set of effective actions to protect this globally important natural heritage and highlight the global importance and the conservation challenges associated with subterranean ecosystems.
Abstract:
In light of recent alarming trends in human population growth, climate change, and other environmental modifications, a “Warning to humanity” manifesto was published in BioScience in 2017. This call reiterated most of the ideas originally expressed by the Union of Concerned Scientists in 1992, including the fear that we are “pushing Earth's ecosystems beyond their capacities to support the web of life.” As subterranean biologists, we take this opportunity to emphasize the global importance and the conservation challenges associated with subterranean ecosystems. They likely represent the most widespread nonmarine environments on Earth, but specialized subterranean organisms remain among the least documented and studied. Largely overlooked in conservation policies, subterranean habitats play a critical role in the function of the web of life and provide important ecosystem services. We highlight the main threats to subterranean ecosystems and propose a set of effective actions to protect this globally important natural heritage.