Institution
University of Stirling
Education•Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom•
About: University of Stirling is a education organization based out in Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 7722 authors who have published 20549 publications receiving 732940 citations. The organization is also known as: Stirling University.
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Ghent University1, University of Leeds2, Royal Museum for Central Africa3, University College London4, Forestry Commission5, University of York6, University of Kisangani7, Wildlife Conservation Society8, University of Plymouth9, World Wide Fund for Nature10, Norwegian University of Life Sciences11, University of Yaoundé I12, Manchester Metropolitan University13, Center for International Forestry Research14, University of British Columbia15, Bioversity International16, University of Toronto17, University of Stirling18, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana19, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement20, University of Montpellier21, Mbarara University of Science and Technology22, Marien Ngouabi University23, University of Buea24, Duke University25, University of Edinburgh26, National Park Service27, Smithsonian Institution28, University of Cambridge29, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech30, University of Birmingham31, University of Exeter32, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute33, Chinese Academy of Sciences34, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh35, African Wildlife Foundation36, American Museum of Natural History37, University of Bristol38, University of Hong Kong39, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds40, Royal Botanic Gardens41, Environmental Change Institute42, University of the Sunshine Coast43, Fleming College44, Sokoine University of Agriculture45, University of Southampton46, University of Lincoln47, University of Florence48, University of Aberdeen49, Innovate UK50, National University of Singapore51, Washington State University Vancouver52, Yale University53, University of Nottingham54, Florida International University55, Université libre de Bruxelles56, Bangor University57, University of Liberia58
TL;DR: Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s and independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass reinforce the conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked.
Abstract: Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest ‘carbon sink’ will continue for decades. Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53–0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests. Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth’s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth’s climate.
395 citations
University of Arizona1, University of California, Berkeley2, University of Missouri3, Max Planck Society4, University of Stirling5, University of Turku6, University of Cologne7, Leibniz Association8, McGill University9, Pennsylvania State University10, California State University, Fullerton11, Wageningen University and Research Centre12, University of Western Australia13, University of Alberta14, University of Toronto15, Stockholm University16
TL;DR: The coevolutionary interactions between plants and butterflies are examined, and evidence for an escalating evolutionary arms-race is uncovered, providing an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coev evolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits.
Abstract: Coevolutionary interactions are thought to have spurred the evolution of key innovations and driven the diversification of much of life on Earth. However, the genetic and evolutionary basis of the innovations that facilitate such interactions remains poorly understood. We examined the coevolutionary interactions between plants (Brassicales) and butterflies (Pieridae), and uncovered evidence for an escalating evolutionary arms-race. Although gradual changes in trait complexity appear to have been facilitated by allelic turnover, key innovations are associated with gene and genome duplications. Furthermore, we show that the origins of both chemical defenses and of molecular counter adaptations were associated with shifts in diversification rates during the arms-race. These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits.
394 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that accumulating evidence demonstrates the future benefit or 'option value' of genetic diversity within natural populations when subject to anthropogenic environmental changes and the loss of that diversity will hinder their ability to adapt to changing environments and is, therefore, of serious concern.
392 citations
392 citations
Institute of Cancer Research1, Imperial College London2, University of Dundee3, King's College London4, University of Birmingham5, University of Southampton6, University of Manchester7, University of Sheffield8, University of Cambridge9, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust10, Newcastle University11, University of Nottingham12, University of London13, Queen Mary University of London14, University of East Anglia15, University of Glasgow16, University College Dublin17, Cardiff University18, University of Leicester19, University College London20, Brunel University London21, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland22, University of Stirling23, University of Chester24, University of Oxford25, University of Edinburgh26, National Cancer Research Institute27, Queen's University Belfast28, University College Cork29, University of Liverpool30, London Research Institute31, Brighton and Sussex Medical School32, University of Leeds33
TL;DR: With resources to conduct further high-quality targeted research focusing on the gaps identified, increased knowledge translating into improved clinical care should be achievable within five years.
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer remains a significant scientific, clinical and societal challenge. This gap analysis has reviewed and critically assessed enduring issues and new challenges emerging from recent research, and proposes strategies for translating solutions into practice. Methods: More than 100 internationally recognised specialist breast cancer scientists, clinicians and healthcare professionals collaborated to address nine thematic areas: genetics, epigenetics and epidemiology; molecular pathology and cell biology; hormonal influences and endocrine therapy; imaging, detection and screening; current/ novel therapies and biomarkers; drug resistance; metastasis, angiogenesis, circulating tumour cells, cancer ‘stem’ cells; risk and prevention; living with and managing breast cancer and its treatment. The groups developed summary papers through an iterative process which, following further appraisal from experts and patients, were melded into this summary account. (Continued on next page)
390 citations
Authors
Showing all 7824 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
| Alan D. Baddeley | 137 | 467 | 89497 |
| Wolf Singer | 124 | 580 | 72591 |
| John J. McGrath | 120 | 791 | 124804 |
| Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
| David I. Perrett | 110 | 350 | 45878 |
| Simon P. Driver | 109 | 455 | 46299 |
| David J. Williams | 107 | 2060 | 62440 |
| Linqing Wen | 107 | 412 | 70794 |
| John A. Raven | 106 | 555 | 44382 |
| David Coward | 103 | 400 | 67118 |
| Stuart J. H. Biddle | 102 | 484 | 41251 |
| Malcolm T. McCulloch | 100 | 371 | 36914 |
| Andrew P. Dobson | 98 | 322 | 44211 |
| Lister Staveley-Smith | 95 | 599 | 36924 |