Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Lessons Learned from the Natural Hosts of HIV-Related Viruses
TL;DR: Natural SIV hosts are able to avoid the chronic, generalized immune system activation that is associated with disease progression in HIV-infected individuals and have evolved to down-modulate the expression of CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells.
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Cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a HIV-1 p24 epitope in slow progressors with B*57.
Geraldine M. Gillespie,Rupert Kaul,Tao Dong,Hongbing Yang,Tim Rostron,Job J. Bwayo,Peter Kiama,Tim E. A. Peto,Francis A. Plummer,Andrew J. McMichael,Sarah Rowland-Jones +10 more
TL;DR: B*5701+ and B5703+ donors demonstrate broad functional cross-reactivity to both common and rare variants of a dominant p24 epitope, which could be relevant to the association of B*57 alleles with slow progression to AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lymphoid follicles are sites of heightened human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and reduced antiretroviral effector mechanisms.
TL;DR: To quantify HIV-1 replication in lymphoid follicles and evaluate the hypothesis that heightened replication in F occurs because of diminished antiretroviral mechanisms, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8, CD20, and multiple antireTroviral proteins was performed.
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Identification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Gag-, Tat-, Rev-, and Nef-Specific Elispot-Based Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses for AIDS Vaccine Design
Vladimir Novitsky,Natasha Rybak,MF McLane,Peter B. Gilbert,Pride Chigwedere,Isaac A. Klein,S. Gaolekwe,Sui-Yuan Chang,Trevor Peter,Ibou Thior,Thumbi Ndung'u,Fredrik O. Vannberg,Brian T. Foley,Richard Marlink,Tak H. Lee,Max Essex +15 more
TL;DR: Results of the study suggest that the construction of a poly-epitope subtype-specific HIV-1 vaccine that includes multiple copies of immunodominant CTL epitopes across the viral genome, derived from predominant HIV- 1 viruses, might be a logical approach to the design of a vaccine against AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunogenicity of multiple gene and clade human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA vaccines.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a multigene and multiclade vaccine, including components from A, B, and C Env and Gag-Pol-Nef, can broaden antiviral immune responses without immune interference.
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