Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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The advantage of early recognition of HIV-infected cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss recent findings that indicate that the timing of target cell recognition critically contributes to CTL effectiveness and the use of early proteins like Tat and Rev is proposed for future vaccines design.
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Priming B cell-mediated anti-HIV envelope responses by vaccination allows for the long-term control of infection in macaques exposed to a R5-tropic SHIV.
Clarisa Buckner,Leoned G Gines,Cheryl J. Saunders,Lucia Vojtech,Indresh K. Srivastava,Agegnehu Gettie,Agegnehu Gettie,Rudolph Bohm,James Blanchard,Susan W. Barnett,Jeffrey T. Safrit,Leonidas Stamatatos +11 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that priming by vaccination of B cell anti-HIV envelope responses maybe crucial for the long-term control of HIV infection.
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CXCL13-mediated recruitment of intrahepatic CXCR5+CD8+ T cells favors viral control in chronic HBV infection
Yongyin Li,Libo Tang,Ling Guo,Chengcong Chen,Shuqin Gu,Yang Zhou,Guofu Ye,Xiaoyi Li,Weibin Wang,Xinxin Liao,Yu Wang,Xiaohong Peng,Guangze Liu,Xiaoyong Zhang,Jian Sun,Jie Peng,Jinlin Hou +16 more
TL;DR: CXCL13 promotes the recruitment of CXCR5+CD8+T cells to the liver, and this subpopulation benefits viral control in chronic HBV infection.
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Immunogen sequence: the fourth tier of AIDS vaccine design
TL;DR: This review shall compare three computational approaches for immunogen design: the consensus sequence, which has at each site the modal nucleotide or amino acid residue across a sequence alignment; the most recent common ancestor, the sequence estimated at the basal node of the clades seen in the HIV-1 phylogeny; and the center of tree method, which minimizes the evolutionary distance to all sequences in the data set.
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HIV-1 Dynamics in Vivo: Virion Clearance Rate, Infected Cell Life-Span, and Viral Generation Time
TL;DR: A new mathematical model was used to analyze a detailed set of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) viral load data collected from five infected individuals after the administration of a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, providing not only a kinetic picture ofAIDS pathogenesis, but also theoretical principles to guide the development of treatment strategies.
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Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells
Fiorenza Cocchi,Anthony L. DeVico,Alfredo Garzino-Demo,Suresh K. Arya,Robert C. Gallo,Paolo Lusso +5 more
TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
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Prognosis in HIV-1 Infection Predicted by the Quantity of Virus in Plasma
John W. Mellors,Charles R. Rinaldo,Phalguni Gupta,Roseanne M. White,John Todd,Lawrence A. Kingsley +5 more
TL;DR: Plasma viral load was a better predictor of progression to AIDS and death than was the number of CD4+ T cells, and the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in study subjects was directly related to plasma viral load at study entry.