Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for Peptide vaccination.
Sietske K. Rosendahl Huber,Josine van Beek,Jørgen de Jonge,Willem Luytjes,Debbie van Baarle +4 more
TL;DR: Although peptide vaccination is successful in inducing responses in human papillomavirus (HPV) infected patients, there are still several challenges such as choosing the right target epitopes, choosing safe adjuvants that improve immunogenicity of these epitope, and steering the immune response in the desired direction.
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Adoptive transfer of costimulated CD4+ T cells induces expansion of peripheral T cells and decreased CCR5 expression in HIV infection.
Bruce L. Levine,Wendy B. Bernstein,Wendy B. Bernstein,Naomi E. Aronson,Naomi E. Aronson,Katia Schlienger,Julio Cotte,Steven J. Perfetto,Mary J. Humphries,Silvia Ratto-Kim,Deborah L. Birx,Carolyn M. Steffens,Alan L. Landay,Richard G. Carroll,Carl H. June +14 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that expansion of the peripheral T-cell pool mediated the increase in CD4 counts and suggest that approaches to reconstitute CD4 helper cell activity and decrease CCR5 expression may augment natural immunity to HIV infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaccination preserves CD4 memory T cells during acute simian immunodeficiency virus challenge.
Joseph J. Mattapallil,Daniel C. Douek,Alicia Buckler-White,David C. Montefiori,Norman L. Letvin,Gary J. Nabel,Mario Roederer +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that prior vaccination reduces this destruction during acute SIV Mac251 infection, leading to better survival and long-term outcome, and the extent of preservation of the CD4 memory compartment during the acute phase provides a strong predictor for subsequent progression to death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Premature ageing of the immune system: the cause of AIDS?
Victor Appay,Sarah Rowland-Jones +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that, through a process of continuous immune activation, HIV-1 infection leads to an acceleration of the adaptive immune system ageing process, resulting in premature exhaustion of immune resources, which participates in the onset of immunodeficiency.
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Viral Escape from Dominant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in DNA-Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys
Dan H. Barouch,Jennifer Kunstman,Jennifer Glowczwskie,Kevin J. Kunstman,Michael A. Egan,Fred W. Peyerl,Sampa Santra,Marcelo J. Kuroda,Jörn E. Schmitz,Kristin Beaudry,Georgia R. Krivulka,Michelle A. Lifton,Darci A. Gorgone,Steven M. Wolinsky,Norman L. Letvin +14 more
TL;DR: The high frequency and pattern of viral escape from dominant epitope-specific CTL in SIV gag DNA-vaccinated rhesus monkeys following a heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge suggest that CTL exert selective pressure on viral replication and that viral Escape from CTL may be a limitation of CTL-based AIDS vaccine strategies.
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