Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Evidence of CD8+ T-Cell-Mediated Selective Pressure on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 nef in HLA-B*57+ Elite Suppressors
Justin R. Bailey,Timothy P. Brennan,Karen A. O'Connell,Robert F. Siliciano,Robert F. Siliciano,Joel N. Blankson +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Nef mutations are present in plasma virus but are rare in the cellular sequences and provided evidence that these plasma Nef variants represent novel escape mutants, suggesting that there must be ongoing HIV-1 replication in spite of the very low viral loads seen for these patients.
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HIV-1 superinfection
Todd M. Allen,Marcus Altfeld +1 more
TL;DR: Reports of HIV-1 superinfection in human subjects are reviewed and studies providing additional insight into the potential for HIV- 1 superinfections to affect the global epidemic are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-specific CD8+ T cells exhibit markedly reduced levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.
Constantinos Petrovas,Yvonne M. Mueller,Ioannis Dimitriou,Paul M. Bojczuk,Karam Mounzer,James Witek,John D. Altman,Peter D. Katsikis +7 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that reduced Bcl-2 and B cl-xL may play an important role in the increased sensitivity to apoptosis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and suggest a possible mechanism by which IL-15 increases their survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
Longitudinal Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Gamma Interferon Responses during the First Year of Life in HIV-1-Infected Infants
Barbara L. Lohman,Jennifer A. Slyker,Barbra A. Richardson,Carey Farquhar,Jenniffer M. Mabuka,Christopher H. Crudder,Tao Dong,Elizabeth M. Obimbo,Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha,Julie Overbaugh,Sarah Rowland-Jones,Grace John-Stewart,Grace John-Stewart +12 more
TL;DR: The role of early HIV-1-specific responses in viral control has not been well defined, because most studies of HIV1-infected infants have been retrospective or cross-sectional.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effective Induction of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Primates by Vaccination with Proviral DNA Producing Intact but Noninfectious Virions
Shainn Wei Wang,Pamela A. Kozlowski,G. Schmelz,Kelledy Manson,Michael S. Wyand,Rhona L. Glickman,David C. Montefiori,Jeffrey D. Lifson,R P Johnson,Marian R. Neutra,Anna Aldovini +10 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that DNA vaccines can be used to stimulate strong virus-specific mucosal immune responses in primates and suggest that high levels of IgA alone are not sufficient to prevent the establishment of chronic infection, although mucosal IgA responses may have a role in reducing the infectivity of the initial viral inoculum.
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