Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Availability of activated CD4 + T cells dictates the level of viremia in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys
Nichole R. Klatt,Nichole R. Klatt,Francois Villinger,Pavel Bostik,Shari N. Gordon,Shari N. Gordon,Lara Pereira,Jessica C. Engram,Ann E. Mayne,Richard M. Dunham,Richard M. Dunham,Benton Lawson,Sarah J. Ratcliffe,Donald L. Sodora,Donald L. Sodora,James G. Else,Keith A. Reimann,Silvija I. Staprans,Ashley T. Haase,Jacob D. Estes,Guido Silvestri,Guido Silvestri,Aftab A Ansari +22 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the availability of activated CD4+ T cells, rather than immune control of SIV replication, is the main determinant of set-point viral load during natural SIV infection of SMs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of HIV Propagation
TL;DR: A cellular automaton model of viral propagation based on the known biophysical properties of HIV is introduced, which includes the competition between viral lability and Brownian motion and finds that propagation is limited by viral stability at low cell density and by geometry at high cell density.
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Mapping cross-clade HIV-1 vaccine epitopes using a bioinformatics approach
Anne S. De Groot,Bill M. Jesdale,William J. Martin,Caitlin Saint Aubin,Hakima Sbai,Andrew Bosma,Judy Lieberman,Gail Skowron,Fadi Mansourati,Kenneth H. Mayer +9 more
TL;DR: Epitopes identified using this approach were conserved in a broad range of HIV-1 sequences derived from isolates obtained in Latin America, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands, Europe and the US.
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Analysis of Pigtail Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules Presenting Immunodominant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitopes
Miranda Zoe Denham Smith,C. Jane Dale,Robert De Rose,Ivan Stratov,Carolyn S Fernandez,Andrew G. Brooks,Jason T. Weinfurter,Kendall Krebs,Cara Riek,David I. Watkins,David H. O’Connor,Stephen J. Kent +11 more
TL;DR: The identification of this common M. nemestrina MHC class I allele restricting a functionally important immunodominant SIV Gag epitope establishes a basis for studying CD8+ T-cell responses against AIDS in an important, widely available nonhuman primate species.
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Mathematical modeling of viral kinetics under immune control during primary HIV-1 infection.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the immune response may have significant effect on the control of the virus during primary infection and may support experimental observations that an anti-HIV immune response is already functional during peak viremia.
References
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Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells
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TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
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TL;DR: Plasma viral load was a better predictor of progression to AIDS and death than was the number of CD4+ T cells, and the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in study subjects was directly related to plasma viral load at study entry.