Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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The emerging role of CD40 ligand in HIV infection.
TL;DR: Vaccines or other strategies that promote the growth of CD4+ T cells capable of expressing CD40L may help to sustain host immunity against HIV and prevent AIDS‐defining opportunistic infections.
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TL;DR: A review of cytokines that have either vaccine adjuvant or therapeutic potential and the need to identify key factors required for prevention of progression, clearance of infection, or protection from acquisition are discussed.
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Single DermaVir Immunization: Dose-Dependent Expansion of Precursor/Memory T Cells against All HIV Antigens in HIV-1 Infected Individuals
Julianna Lisziewicz,Nyasha Bakare,Sandra A. Calarota,Dénes Bánhegyi,János Szlávik,Eszter Ujhelyi,Enikő R. Tőke,Levente Molnár,Zsolt Lisziewicz,Brigitte Autran,Franco Lori +10 more
TL;DR: Based on the potent induction of Gag, Tat and Rev-specific memory T cells, especially in the medium dose cohort, it is speculated that DermaVir boost T cell responses specific to all the 15 HIV antigens expressed from the single DNA might be required for durable immune reactivity.
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Dendritic cell-mediated viral transfer to T cells is required for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistence in the face of rapid cell turnover.
TL;DR: Dendritic cell-mediated transmission of HIV-1 enables virus replication under conditions of rapid cell turnover in vivo, and surprisingly, HIV- 1 transfer could occur independently of DC-SIGN in the dendritic-cell-T-cell cocultures.
Journal ArticleDOI
TGF-beta in intestinal lymphoid organs contributes to the death of armed effector CD8 T cells and is associated with the absence of virus containment in rhesus macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus.
Marie-Christine Cumont,Marie-Christine Cumont,Valérie Monceaux,Valérie Monceaux,Laurence Viollet,Laurence Viollet,Stephanie Lay,Stephanie Lay,R Parker,R Parker,Bruno Hurtrel,Bruno Hurtrel,Jérôme Estaquier,Jérôme Estaquier,Jérôme Estaquier +14 more
TL;DR: The data provide strong evidence that mesenteric lymph nodes represent major reservoirs not only for SIV-infected macaques progressing more rapidly toward AIDS but also in controllers and identify a mechanism of T-cell exhaustion in intestinal lymphoid organs and define a potentially effective immunological strategy for the modulation of progression to AIDS.
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