Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Impacts of Avidity and Specificity on the Antiviral Efficiency of HIV-1-Specific CTL
Otto O. Yang,Phuong Thi Nguyen Sarkis,Alicja Trocha,Spyros A. Kalams,R. Paul Johnson,R. Paul Johnson,Bruce D. Walker +6 more
TL;DR: CTL specificity can be an overriding factor in the ability of CTL to interact with HIV-1-infected cells, indicating that factors determining the process of epitope presentation on infected cells have a key influence on CTL efficiency.
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Gene expression profiling of host response in models of acute HIV infection.
Steven E. Bosinger,Karoline A. Hosiawa,Karoline A. Hosiawa,Mark J. Cameron,Desmond Persad,Longsi Ran,Luoling Xu,Mohamed R. Boulassel,Monique Parenteau,Jocelyn Fournier,Erling W. Rud,Erling W. Rud,David J. Kelvin,David J. Kelvin +13 more
TL;DR: The persistence of high viral loads despite an extensive IFN response suggests that HIV can resist in vivo IFN treatment despite published reports of in vitro efficacy.
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AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5197: A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Immunization of HIV-1-Infected Persons with a Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Type 5 Vaccine Expressing the HIV-1 Core Protein
Robert T. Schooley,John Spritzler,Hongying Wang,Michael M. Lederman,Diane V. Havlir,Daniel R. Kuritzkes,Richard B. Pollard,Catherine A. Battaglia,Michael N. Robertson,Devan V. Mehrotra,Danilo R. Casimiro,Kara S. Cox,Barbara Schock +12 more
TL;DR: The vaccine was generally safe and well tolerated, and differences in HIV-1 RNA levels did not meet the prespecified level of significance, which should require a substantially higher immunogenicity threshold before an ATI is contemplated.
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An In Vitro Rapid-Turnover Assay for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Selects for Cell-to-Cell Spread of Virus
TL;DR: Enhanced cell-to-cell transfer of the Δvpu virus provides an explanation for the survival of this mutant virus in the rapid-turnover culture system.
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Identification of Dominant Optimal HLA-B60- and HLA-B61-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) Epitopes: Rapid Characterization of CTL Responses by Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
Marcus Altfeld,Alicja Trocha,Robert L. Eldridge,Eric S. Rosenberg,Mary N. Phillips,Marylyn M. Addo,Rafick Pierre Sekaly,Spyros A. Kalams,Sandra A. Burchett,Kenneth McIntosh,Bruce D. Walker,Philip J. R. Goulder,Philip J. R. Goulder +12 more
TL;DR: The utility of the Elispot assay is established as a more rapid and efficient method of defining novel CTL epitopes that may play an important role in the immune control of HIV-1.
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