Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Within-host evolution of CD8+-TL epitopes encoded by overlapping and non-overlapping reading frames of simian immunodeficiency virus
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the interaction of positive selection and overlapping reading frames enhances the probability of convergent or parallel amino acid change in simian immunodeficiency virus genomes sampled from populations at time of death in 35 rhesus monkeys is supported.
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CD8+ T Cells Maintain Suppression of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Central Nervous System
Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes,Brenda Morsey,Katy Emanuel,Benjamin G. Lamberty,Claudia T. Flynn,Howard S. Fox +5 more
TL;DR: CD8-depleting monoclonal antibody was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys with chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, leading to the rapid increase of SIV in the brain.
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TL;DR: This review focuses on recent developments in the assessment of HIV-1-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood and tissues, with a particular emphasis on flow cytometry-based approaches.
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Role of Dendritic Cells in Exposing Latent HIV-1 for the Kill.
TL;DR: The challenges associated with current HIV-1 eradication strategies are discussed, as well as the unharnessed potential of ex vivo-programmed DCs for both the ‘kick and kill’ of latentAIDS and the elimination of infected targets by either polyfunctional HIV-specific CTLs or other immune-based strategies.
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Prognosis in HIV-1 Infection Predicted by the Quantity of Virus in Plasma
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TL;DR: Plasma viral load was a better predictor of progression to AIDS and death than was the number of CD4+ T cells, and the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in study subjects was directly related to plasma viral load at study entry.