Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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The HIV-1 regulatory proteins Tat and Rev are frequently targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes derived from HIV-1-infected individuals
Marylyn M. Addo,Marcus Altfeld,Eric S. Rosenberg,Robert L. Eldridge,Mary N. Philips,Kathleen Habeeb,Ashok Khatri,Christian Brander,Gregory K. Robbins,Gail P. Mazzara,Philip J. R. Goulder,Bruce D. Walker +11 more
TL;DR: Data indicate that Tat and Rev are frequently targeted by CTL in natural HIV-1 infection and may be important targets for HIV vaccines.
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Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells
TL;DR: The observation that TCI is a safe and effective strategy for inducing strong mucosal antibody and CTL responses and protective immunity against mucosal challenge with live virus in mice is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adenoviral vectors persist in vivo and maintain activated CD8+ T cells: implications for their use as vaccines
Nia Tatsis,Julie C. Fitzgerald,Julie C. Fitzgerald,Arturo Reyes-Sandoval,Arturo Reyes-Sandoval,Kimberly C. Harris-McCoy,Scott E. Hensley,Dongming Zhou,Shih-Wen Lin,Ang Bian,Zhi Quan Xiang,Amaya Iparraguirre,Cesar Lopez-Camacho,Cesar Lopez-Camacho,E. John Wherry,Hildegund C. J. Ertl +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the sustained frequencies of transgene product-specific CD8(+) T cells elicited by replication-defective adenovirus vectors are linked to persistence of low levels of transcriptionally active adenOVirus vector genomes at the site of inoculation, in liver, and lymphatic tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges and opportunities for development of an AIDS vaccine
TL;DR: The biomedical community is looking towards vaccines to help solve this compelling problem of considerable expense and logistical difficulty in providing antiviral drugs to populations infected with the human immunodeficiency virus throughout the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunization of Rhesus Macaques with a DNA Prime/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Boost Regimen Induces Broad Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific T-Cell Responses and Reduces Initial Viral Replication but Does Not Prevent Disease Progression following Challenge with Pathogenic SIVmac239
Helen Horton,Thorsten U. Vogel,Donald K. Carter,Kathy Vielhuber,Deborah H. Fuller,Tim Shipley,James T. Fuller,Kevin J. Kunstman,Gerd Sutter,David C. Montefiori,Volker Erfle,Ronald C. Desrosiers,Nancy A. Wilson,Louis J. Picker,Steven M. Wolinsky,Chenxi Wang,David B. Allison,David I. Watkins +17 more
TL;DR: A DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost regimen was used to immunize rhesus macaques against nearly all simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) proteins, resulting in the induction of virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ responses in all vaccinees.
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