Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Tenets of protection from progression to AIDS: lessons from the immune responses to HIV-2 infection.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the immune system in the long-term nonprogression characteristic of HIV-2 infection was studied and it was shown that a balanced immune response can protect from the destruction of the immunity system associated with chronic HIV-1 infection.
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Why don't CD8+ T cells reduce the lifespan of SIV-infected cells in vivo?
Marjet Elemans,Nafisa Katrin Seich al Basatena,Nichole R. Klatt,Christos Gkekas,Guido Silvestri,Becca Asquith +5 more
TL;DR: Investigation of why CD8+ T cells do not appear to reduce the lifespan of SIV-infected cells in vivo finds no clear indication whether CD8- T cells operated primarily via a lytic or a non-lytic mechanism.
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Differentiation, Dysfunction and Exhaustion.
TL;DR: The mechanisms by which checkpoint blockade differentially engages exhausted T cell subsets to overcome exhaustion and recover T cell function are outlined.
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Bone marrow–based homeostatic proliferation of mature T cells in nonhuman primates: implications for AIDS pathogenesis
Mirko Paiardini,Barbara Cervasi,Jessica C. Engram,Shari N. Gordon,Nichole R. Klatt,Nichole R. Klatt,Alagarraju Muthukumar,James G. Else,Robert S. Mittler,Silvija I. Staprans,Donald L. Sodora,Guido Silvestri,Guido Silvestri +12 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that BM is involved in maintaining T- cell homeostasis in primates and suggest a role for BM-based CD4(+) T-cell proliferation in determining the benign nature of natural SIV infection of SMs.
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Human immunodeficiency virus-1 vaccine design: where do we go now?
TL;DR: Optimization of vaccine delivery methods for DNA or live viral vector‐based vaccines, elucidating the immune responses of individuals who remain resistant to HIV‐1 infections and also understanding the core immune responses mediating protection against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) and HIV‐ 1 in animal models following vaccination, are key aspects to be regarded for designing more effective HIV-1 vaccines in the future.
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TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
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