Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
Xia Jin,Daniel E. Bauer,Sarah Tuttleton,Sharon R Lewin,Agegnehu Gettie,James Blanchard,Craig E. Irwin,Jeffrey T. Safrit,John E. Mittler,Leor S. Weinberger,Leondios G. Kostrikis,Linqi Zhang,Alan S. Perelson,David D. Ho +13 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.Abstract:
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 94 – Female Genital Tract Infections and Immunity in Animal Models
Earl L. Parr,Margaret B. Parr +1 more
TL;DR: Experimental evidence indicates that the main immune effector process controlling virus replication in infected monkeys and humans is cell-mediated immunity, which has two advantages: it recognizes core proteins of the virus that are better conserved than the envelope proteins, and T cell antigen recognition is inherently more cross-reactive than antibody recognition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterologous arenavirus vector prime-boost overrules self-tolerance for efficient tumor-specific CD8 T cell attack.
Weldy V. Bonilla,Nicole Kirchhammer,Anna-Friederike Marx,Sandra M. Kallert,Magdalena A. Krzyzaniak,Min Lu,Stephanie Darbre,Sarah Schmidt,Josipa Raguz,Ursula Berka,Ilena Vincenti,Mindaugas Pauzuolis,Romy Kerber,Sabine Hoepner,Stephan Günther,Carsten Magnus,Doron Merkler,Klaus Orlinger,Alfred Zippelius,Alfred Zippelius,Daniel D. Pinschewer +20 more
TL;DR: In this article, two distantly related arenaviruses, Pichinde virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, were used for therapeutic cancer vaccination in mice, and life-replicating vector formats of these two viruses delivering a self-antigen in a heterologous prime-boost regimen induce tumor-specific CTL responses up to 50% of the circulating CD8 T lymphocyte (CTL) pool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of HLA-A11-restricted HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in China.
Shaoyang Wang,Yongtao Sun,Song Zhai,Yan Zhuang,Shuguang Zhao,Whenzhen Kang,Xinhong Li,Dedong Huang,Xu G. Yu,Bruce D. Walker,Marcus Altfeld +10 more
TL;DR: To fully define HLA-A11-restricted HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in China, a method combining the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay with intracellular gamma interferon staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used to map the optimal epitopes targeted by ELisPOT and define the HLA restriction of epitopes by ICS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of longitudinal changes in HIV-specific effector activity in subjects undergoing untreated primary HIV infection.
Galit Alter,Christos M. Tsoukas,Danielle Rouleau,Pierre Côté,Jean-Pierre Routy,Rafik-Pierre Sekaly,Nicole F. Bernard +6 more
TL;DR: Given that a significant relationship existed between the magnitude of the HIV-specific response and viral load, it is likely that these effector cell expansions and contractions are driven by changes in antigen load.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel Translation Products from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Env-Encoding mRNA Contain both Rev and Cryptic T-Cell Epitopes
Nicholas J. Maness,Jonah B. Sacha,Shari M. Piaskowski,Kimberly L. Weisgrau,Eva G. Rakasz,Gemma E. May,Matthew B. Buechler,Andrew D. Walsh,Nancy A. Wilson,David I. Watkins +9 more
TL;DR: Two novel translation products from the SIV env mRNA that are targeted by the T-cell response in SIV-infected rhesus macaques are defined and suggest that the translation of viral alternate reading frames may be an important source of T- cell epitopes, including epitopes normally derived from functional proteins.
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