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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

TLDR
It is demonstrated that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo and are examined using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F.
Abstract
To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.

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CD8+ Lymphocytes Control Viral Replication in SIVmac239-Infected Rhesus Macaques without Decreasing the Lifespan of Productively Infected Cells

TL;DR: The in vivo effect of CD8+ lymphocyte depletion on the lifespan of productively infected cells during chronic SIVmac239 infection of rhesus macaques is assessed and it is found that, in both early (day 57 post-SIV) and late (day 177 post- SIV) chronic Siv infection, depletion of CD9+ lymphocytes did not result in a measurable increase in the lifespan.
Journal ArticleDOI

High Levels of Viral Replication during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVagm Infection Are Rapidly and Strongly Controlled in African Green Monkeys

TL;DR: The results indicate that the nonpathogenic outcome of SIVagm infection in its natural host is associated with a rapidly induced control of viral replication in response to SIVAGm infection, rather than with a poorly replicating virus or a constitutive host genetic resistance to virus replication.
Journal ArticleDOI

Evolution of Innate and Adaptive Effector Cell Functions during Acute HIV-1 Infection

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that expansion of the NK cell population precedes the development of adaptive HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells during acute infection but that both effector cell subsets respond with similar kinetics during chronic HIV- 1 infection.
Journal ArticleDOI

CD8+ Lymphocytes Are Required for Maintaining Viral Suppression in SIV-Infected Macaques Treated with Short-Term Antiretroviral Therapy

TL;DR: It is shown that in SIV-infected RMs treated with short-term ART, depletion of CD8(+) lymphocytes resulted in increased plasma viremia in all animals and that repopulation of CD 8(+) T cells was associated with prompt reestablishment of virus control, suggesting a role for CD8 (+) T-cells in controlling viral production during ART, thus providing a rationale for exploring immunotherapeutic approaches in ART-treated HIV-infect
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Effect of Humoral Immune Responses on Controlling Viremia during Primary Infection of Rhesus Monkeys with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

TL;DR: The results suggest that the rapid decline of peak viremia that typically occurs during the first 3 weeks of infection was not significantly affected by SIV-specific antibodies, and the inverse correlation between neutralizing antibodies and plasma virus level during the postacute phases of infection suggests that humoral immune responses may contribute to the control of SIV replication.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular Beacons: Probes that Fluoresce upon Hybridization

TL;DR: Novel nucleic acid probes that recognize and report the presence of specific nucleic acids in homogeneous solutions that undergo a spontaneous conforma-tional change when they hybridize to their targets are developed.
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Cell cycle analysis of a cell proliferation-associated human nuclear antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the early stages of mitogen stimulation represent initial sequences of proliferation and not parts of the cell cycle, and immunostaining with monoclonal antibody Ki-67 provides a reliable means of rapidly evaluating the growth fraction of normal and neoplastic human cell populations.
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HIV-1 Dynamics in Vivo: Virion Clearance Rate, Infected Cell Life-Span, and Viral Generation Time

TL;DR: A new mathematical model was used to analyze a detailed set of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) viral load data collected from five infected individuals after the administration of a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, providing not only a kinetic picture ofAIDS pathogenesis, but also theoretical principles to guide the development of treatment strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells

TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI

Prognosis in HIV-1 Infection Predicted by the Quantity of Virus in Plasma

TL;DR: Plasma viral load was a better predictor of progression to AIDS and death than was the number of CD4+ T cells, and the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in study subjects was directly related to plasma viral load at study entry.
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