Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroclimatology of flash flooding in Atlanta
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a high-resolution 15 min, 1 km2 radar rainfall data set for the 2002-2010 period using the Hydro-NEXRAD system with volume scan reflectivity observations from the Atlanta WSR-88D radar and rainfall observations from a dense network of 72 U.S. Geological Survey rain gauges.
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Intra-annual variations of regional aerosol optical depth, vertical distribution, and particle types from multiple satellite and ground-based observational datasets
Bin Zhao,Jonathan H. Jiang,David J. Diner,Hui Su,Yu Gu,Kuo-Nan Liou,Zhe Jiang,Lei Huang,Y. Takano,Xuehua Fan,Ali Omar +10 more
TL;DR: This paper combines the observations from four satellite-borne sensors and several ground-based networks to investigate the seasonal variations of aerosol column loading, vertical distribution, and particle types over three populous regions: the Eastern United States (EUS), Western Europe (WEU), and Eastern and Central China (ECC).
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Cloud fraction mediates the aerosol optical depth-cloud top height relationship
TL;DR: In this paper, a large proportion of the relationship between cloud top pressure and aerosol optical depth was found to be not due to aerosol effects, but due to cloud humidity and meteorology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Feedback-Based Provisions for Dam Design, Operations, and Water Management in the 21st Century
Faisal Hossain,Ahmed M. Degu,Wondmagegn Yigzaw,Steve Burian,Dev Niyogi,James Marshall Shepherd,Roger A. Pielke +6 more
TL;DR: In the United States, the Wolf Creek Dam, the largest artificial reservoir east of the Mississippi River, has periodically undergone grouting of seage holes throughout 2010 as mentioned in this paper, and this grouting may not take long.
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Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review
Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo,Patrick Laux,Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen,Josep Calbó,S. Vogl,S. Vogl,Aristeidis K. Georgoulias,Johannes Quaas +7 more
TL;DR: A review of the main results about the existence or non-existence of significant weekly weather cycles across different regions of the world, mainly over the US, Europe and Asia, can be found in this article.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more