Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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BAECC: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Impact of Biogenic Aerosols on Clouds and Climate
Tuukka Petäjä,Ewan O'Connor,Dmitri Moisseev,Victoria A. Sinclair,Antti Manninen,Riikka Väänänen,Annakaisa von Lerber,Joel A. Thornton,Keri Nicoll,Walter A. Petersen,Venkatachalam Chandrasekar,James N. Smith,Paul M. Winkler,Olaf Krüger,Hannele Hakola,Hilkka Timonen,David Brus,Tuomas Laurila,Eija Asmi,Marja-Liisa Riekkola,Lucia Mona,Paola Massoli,Ronny Engelmann,Mika Komppula,Jian Wang,Chongai Kuang,Jaana Bäck,Annele Virtanen,Janne Levula,Michael Ritsche,Nicki Hickmon +30 more
TL;DR: The second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) was deployed to Hyytiala, Finland, for an 8-month intensive measurement campaign from February to September 2014 as discussed by the authors, where the primary research goal is to understand the role of biogenic aerosols in cloud formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constraining the influence of natural variability to improve estimates of global aerosol indirect effects in a nudged version of the Community Atmosphere Model 5
Gabriel J. Kooperman,Michael S. Pritchard,Steven J. Ghan,Minghuai Wang,Richard C. J. Somerville,Lynn M. Russell +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative approach is explored, which implements Newtonian relaxation (nudging) to constrain simulations with both pre-industrial and present-day aerosol emissions toward identical meteorological conditions, thus reducing differences in natural variability and dampening feedback responses in order to isolate radiative forcing.
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An Economist's Guide to Climate Change Science
Solomon Hsiang,Robert E. Kopp +1 more
TL;DR: The authors provide a brief introduction to the physical science of climate change, written to provide essential background for economists and other social scientists, and highlight some key areas in which economists, including those studying macroeconomics, political economy and development, are in a unique position to help climate science advance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Weekly Cycle of Lightning: Evidence of Storm Invigoration by Pollution
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined summertime 1998-2009 U.S. lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) to look for weekly cycles in lightning activity.
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Satellite observations of cloud regime development: the role of aerosol processes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make use of multiple temporally-spaced satellite retrievals to observe the development of cloud regimes, and they find an increased occurrence of transitions into the stratocumulus regime over ocean with increases in MODIS AI, consistent with the hypothesis that aerosols increase stratocalumulus persistence.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more